习得性预见性和结果可预见性效应并不是同一枚硬币的简单两面。

IF 1.3 4区 心理学
Anna Thorwart, Evan J Livesey, Francisco Wilhelm, Wei Liu, Harald Lachnit
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引用次数: 12

摘要

习得性预测效应是指对线索和结果之间关系的学习受到线索对其他结果的预测相关性的影响。同样,结果可预测性效应指的是最近的一项观察,即先前对结果的可预测性也会影响在新情况下对该结果的学习。我们假设,这两种效应可能是同一现象的两种表现,而与高度预测性关系相关的刺激在涉及新关系时可能被更快地学习,而不管它们在预测性学习中作为线索和结果的功能作用如何。四个实验操纵了刺激的关系和功能。虽然我们能够复制标准的效果,但如果刺激物的功能角色发生了变化,它们就无法存活下来,也就是说,第一阶段的结果成为第二阶段学习的线索,或者第一阶段的线索成为第二阶段的结果。此外,与习得性预测不同,几乎没有迹象表明第二阶段的显性注意分布受到先前可预测性的影响。结果表明,这两种非常相似的效应并不是一种更普遍现象的表现,而是相互独立的。(PsycINFO数据库记录
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Learned predictiveness and outcome predictability effects are not simply two sides of the same coin.

The Learned Predictiveness effect refers to the observation that learning about the relationship between a cue and an outcome is influenced by the predictive relevance of the cue for other outcomes. Similarly, the Outcome Predictability effect refers to a recent observation that the previous predictability of an outcome affects learning about this outcome in new situations, too. We hypothesize that both effects may be two manifestations of the same phenomenon and stimuli that have been involved in highly predictive relationships may be learned about faster when they are involved in new relationships regardless of their functional role in predictive learning as cues and outcomes. Four experiments manipulated both the relationships and the function of the stimuli. While we were able to replicate the standard effects, they did not survive a transfer to situations where the functional role of the stimuli changed, that is the outcome of the first phase becomes a cue in the second learning phase or the cue of the first phase becomes the outcome of the second phase. Furthermore, unlike learned predictiveness, there was little indication that the distribution of overt attention in the second phase was influenced by previous predictability. The results suggest that these 2 very similar effects are not manifestations of a more general phenomenon but rather independent from each other. (PsycINFO Database Record

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来源期刊
自引率
23.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.
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