哺乳动物卵泡中细胞间信号对生殖细胞发育的调控。

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Hugh J Clarke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在排卵前,哺乳动物的卵母细胞在卵泡内经历了一个分化过程,使其具备了孕育胚胎的能力。分化过程包括两个阶段--生长期和减数分裂成熟期,在生长期,卵母细胞的体积增加了 100 多倍,并积累了维持早期胚胎形成的大分子和细胞器;在减数分裂成熟期,卵母细胞进行第一次减数分裂,并为第二次分裂做准备。当邻近的颗粒细胞产生特定的生长因子时,卵母细胞似乎就进入了生长阶段。随着卵母细胞的生长,它会形成一层厚厚的细胞外膜,称为透明带。然而,相邻颗粒细胞的细胞质延伸(称为跨区突起(TZPs))使它们能够与卵母细胞保持依赖接触的交流。通过位于 TZP 顶端与卵母细胞膜相接处的间隙连接,它们为卵母细胞提供维持其代谢活动的产物和调节其分化的信号。相反,卵母细胞会分泌可扩散的生长因子,以调节颗粒细胞的增殖和分化。颗粒细胞的间隙连接渗透性产物可防止减数分裂成熟过早开始,而间隙连接也可使卵母细胞的成熟根据颗粒细胞接收到的激素信号开始。卵母细胞或体细胞区的发育也可能受到卵泡液和TZP顶端新发现的细胞外囊泡的调控,这些囊泡可能介导大分子的细胞间转移。因此,卵母细胞分化取决于与卵泡体细胞之间持续的信号相互作用。WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e294. doi: 10.1002/wdev.294 本文归类于:基因表达和转录层次结构 > 细胞分化信号通路 > 细胞命运信号 早期胚胎发育 > 生殖发生。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Regulation of germ cell development by intercellular signaling in the mammalian ovarian follicle.

Regulation of germ cell development by intercellular signaling in the mammalian ovarian follicle.

Regulation of germ cell development by intercellular signaling in the mammalian ovarian follicle.

Regulation of germ cell development by intercellular signaling in the mammalian ovarian follicle.

Prior to ovulation, the mammalian oocyte undergoes a process of differentiation within the ovarian follicle that confers on it the ability to give rise to an embryo. Differentiation comprises two phases-growth, during which the oocyte increases more than 100-fold in volume as it accumulates macromolecules and organelles that will sustain early embryogenesis; and meiotic maturation, during which the oocyte executes the first meiotic division and prepares for the second division. Entry of an oocyte into the growth phase appears to be triggered when the adjacent granulosa cells produce specific growth factors. As the oocyte grows, it elaborates a thick extracellular coat termed the zona pellucida. Nonetheless, cytoplasmic extensions of the adjacent granulosa cells, termed transzonal projections (TZPs), enable them to maintain contact-dependent communication with the oocyte. Through gap junctions located where the TZP tips meet the oocyte membrane, they provide the oocyte with products that sustain its metabolic activity and signals that regulate its differentiation. Conversely, the oocyte secretes diffusible growth factors that regulate proliferation and differentiation of the granulosa cells. Gap junction-permeable products of the granulosa cells prevent precocious initiation of meiotic maturation, and the gap junctions also enable oocyte maturation to begin in response to hormonal signals received by the granulosa cells. Development of the oocyte or the somatic compartment may also be regulated by extracellular vesicles newly identified in follicular fluid and at TZP tips, which could mediate intercellular transfer of macromolecules. Oocyte differentiation thus depends on continuous signaling interactions with the somatic cells of the follicle. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e294. doi: 10.1002/wdev.294 This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Early Embryonic Development > Gametogenesis.

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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Developmental biology is concerned with the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex, fully patterned adult organism. This problem is studied on many different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal. Developed in association with the Society for Developmental Biology, WIREs Developmental Biology will provide a unique interdisciplinary forum dedicated to fostering excellence in research and education and communicating key advances in this important field. The collaborative and integrative ethos of the WIREs model will facilitate connections to related disciplines such as genetics, systems biology, bioengineering, and psychology. The topical coverage of WIREs Developmental Biology includes: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns; Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies; Signaling Pathways; Early Embryonic Development; Invertebrate Organogenesis; Vertebrate Organogenesis; Nervous System Development; Birth Defects; Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal and Regeneration; Cell Types and Issues Specific to Plants; Comparative Development and Evolution; and Technologies.
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