Predictors of talc slurry pleurodesis success in patients with malignant pleural effusions

Introduction

Malignant pleural effusions are an important burden of malignant disease. Slurry talc pleurodesis remains one of the most common and effective therapeutic options.

Aim

Investigate the predictive factors related with the efficacy of this technique in malignant pleural effusions.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all pleurodesis performed during a 10-year period in a Pulmonology Unit. All demographic and clinical data were collected, including the histologic tumoral type and the biochemical, microbiological and cytological fluid features. Efficacy was defined as the lack of recurrence of pleural effusion. It was used Kaplan–Meyer analysis to estimate overall survival.

Results

From a total of 202 patients submitted to pleurodesis (47% men; mean age 66.9 ± 12.02 years). Light's criteria identified 86.6% as exudates. We found 85.1% survival at 30-day post-pleurodesis, which means the therapy used has significant success. A logistic regression model applied explained that variance in post-pleurodesis events was mostly due to age and gender rather than pleural biochemical factors (X²₍₅₎ = 44.648, p < 0.001, R² 28.3%).

Conclusion

This study suggests that clinical evaluation of biochemical values, bacteriological results and malignant tumor diagnosis may not be enough to predict post-pleurodesis relapse with high accuracy. Furthermore, we observed, in ten years of pleurodesis performed in our Hospital, that pleurodesis is an effective life prolonging therapy for patients that fit the criteria for this intervention.