芦荟属:植物化学和治疗用途,包括治疗胃肠道疾病和慢性炎症。

I E Cock
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引用次数: 79

摘要

芦荟属植物可能是有记载的药用历史最长的植物,也是世界范围内传统药用用途最广泛的植物之一。芦荟、黄芦荟、树胶芦荟和perperyi芦荟是最著名和最广泛使用的,但许多其他物种也因其治疗特性而被使用。沉香自古以来就被用于治疗微生物感染、胃肠道疾病和炎症。芦荟除了在传统疗法中有无数的用途外,还被用作化妆品配方的成分,以及食品和饮料工业。尽管它们被广泛接受,但来自不同实验室的研究经常报告,即使使用相同的提取程序,在同一芦荟物种中,治疗性生物活性也存在很大差异。此外,来自同一物种的芦荟植物的叶子可能具有广泛不同的生物活性植物化学物质水平。植物化学分析表明,许多芦荟物种含有各种碳水化合物聚合物(特别是葡甘露聚糖)和一系列其他低分子量酚类化合物,包括生物碱、蒽醌、蒽酮、苯和呋喃衍生物、色素、香豆素、类黄酮、植物甾醇、吡喃和吡酮。关于芦荟(尤其是芦荟)的植物化学和治疗潜力,已经发表了大量的信息。其中很多都是矛盾的。单个芦荟成分的氧化还原状态和这些成分的比例在单个植物之间可能存在种内和种间差异。这些因素都可能影响芦荟提取物的生理特性。由于许多芦荟植物化学物质的结构和化学性质,很可能许多报道的药用特性是由于抗氧化或促氧化作用。许多芦荟植物化学物质的抗氧化/抗氧化活性不仅取决于它们的个体水平,而且取决于各种成分之间的比例及其个体氧化还原状态。因此,当使用不同的原油混合物时,生物活性研究之间可能存在差异。本报告旨在总结沉香的植物化学,并(a)研究其成分如何负责其药用特性,(b)其药用特性报道的广泛差异的一些可能原因,以及(c)其治疗机制。一些未来的研究领域,对这一重要属的药用活性也强调。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Genus Aloe: Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Uses Including Treatments for Gastrointestinal Conditions and Chronic Inflammation.

Plants of the genus Aloe have perhaps the longest recorded history of medicinal usage and are amongst the most widely used plants for traditional medicinal purposes worldwide. Aloe vera, Aloe ferox, Aloe arborescens and Aloe perryi are the best known and most widely used, but many other species are also used for their therapeutic properties. The Aloes have been used since ancient times, particularly for the treatment of microbial infections, gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory conditions. In addition to their myriad uses in traditional therapeutics, the Aloes have also been used as components of cosmetic formulations, and in the food and beverage industries. Despite their wide acceptance, studies from different laboratories often report wide variations in the therapeutic bioactivities from within the same Aloe species, even when the same extraction procedures are used. Furthermore, leaves from individual Aloe plants within the same species may have widely varying levels of the bioactive phytochemicals. Phytochemical analyses have shown that many Aloe species contain various carbohydrate polymers (notably glucomannans) and a range of other low molecular weight phenolic compounds including alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthrones, benzene and furan derivatives, chromones, coumarins, flavonoids, phytosterols, pyrans and pyrones. There has been a wealth of information published about the phytochemistry and therapeutic potential of the Aloes (especially Aloe vera). Much of this has been contradictory. Intra- and interspecies differences in the redox state of the individual Aloe components and in the ratios of these components may occur between individual plants. These factors may all affect the physiological properties of Aloe extracts. Due to the structure and chemical nature of many of the Aloe phytochemicals, it is likely that many of the reported medicinal properties are due to antioxidant or prooxidant effects. The antioxidant/prooxidant activities of many Aloe phytochemicals depend not only on their individual levels, but also on the ratios between the various components and their individual redox states. Therefore, discrepancies between bioactivity studies are likely when using different crude mixtures. This report aims to summarise the phytochemistry of the Aloes and (a) examine how their constituents may be responsible for their medicinal properties and (b) some possible reasons for the wide variations reported for their medicinal properties and (c) their therapeutic mechanisms. Some future areas of research into the medicinal activities of this important genus are also highlighted.

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