多壁碳纳米管和碳纳米片在一个小型生产商的工作场所表面的检测。

Annals of Occupational Hygiene Pub Date : 2015-08-01 Epub Date: 2015-06-29 DOI:10.1093/annhyg/mev036
Maria Hedmer, Linus Ludvigsson, Christina Isaxon, Patrik T Nilsson, Vidar Skaug, Mats Bohgard, Joakim H Pagels, Maria E Messing, Håkan Tinnerberg
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引用次数: 21

摘要

背景:碳纳米管和碳纳米片等新型纳米材料的工业应用正在全球范围内增加。职业性接触可发生在生产、下游使用和处置过程中。许多纳米材料对健康的影响尚未完全表征,处理纳米物体,其聚集体和团聚体>100nm (NOAA),需要高度的控制措施和个人防护装备。在生产和处理过程中,大气中NOAA的排放会使工作场所表面沾染灰尘,这些灰尘会再次悬浮,导致二次吸入暴露和皮肤暴露。本研究使用一种新颖的磁带采样方法调查了碳基纳米材料,如多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和碳纳米片,在一个小规模生产商的表面污染。方法:采用胶带取样法对某小型生产厂的18个不同表面进行取样。所选择的表面与近场区MWCNT粉末的生产和处理有关。对远场区的表面也进行了采样。此外,对一名工人进行了胶带剥皮。用扫描电子显微镜对磁带样品进行分析,以检测碳基NOAA。在收集磁带样本的同一天,还对一名生产MWCNTs的工人进行了个人冲击器空气采样。结果:50%的胶带样品检测到MWCNTs, 17%的碳纳米片样品检测到MWCNTs。在工作场所的所有部位都发现了MWCNTs和碳纳米片,因此增加了工人二次吸入和皮肤接触的风险。在个人撞击器样品中检测到空气中的MWCNTs和碳纳米片。工人身上的纸带样品没有发现含碳纳米颗粒的存在。结论:胶带取样是一种有效的方法,可用于检测碳基NOAA的表面污染,并可用于生产或处理此类人造纳米材料的任何工作场所的生产过程中的暴露控制。使用胶带法,可以通过再悬浮沉积在工作场所表面的灰尘来监测是否存在二次吸入暴露或皮肤暴露的可能性。通过空气采样,我们可以确认碳纳米片在工作场所被重新悬浮到空气中,即使它们在特定的工作班次中没有被处理。在空气样本中检测到MWCNTs,但可能来自重悬浮或在空气采样期间进行的MWCNTs工作任务。胶带取样是空气取样的一种补充方法,这两种方法结合在一起,可以更好地了解工作场所的卫生状况,在工作场所,NOAA可能被排放到工作环境中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Detection of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanodiscs on Workplace Surfaces at a Small-Scale Producer.

Background: The industrial use of novel-manufactured nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanodiscs is increasing globally. Occupational exposure can occur during production, downstream use, and disposal. The health effects of many nanomaterials are not yet fully characterized and to handle nano-objects, their aggregates and agglomerates >100nm (NOAA), a high degree of control measures and personal protective equipment are required. The emission of airborne NOAA during production and handling can contaminate workplace surfaces with dust, which can be resuspended resulting in secondary inhalation exposures and dermal exposures. This study surveys the presence of carbon-based nanomaterials, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanodiscs, as surface contamination at a small-scale producer using a novel tape sampling method.

Methods: Eighteen different surfaces at a small-scale producer were sampled with an adhesive tape sampling method. The surfaces selected were associated with the production and handling of MWCNT powder in the near-field zone. Surfaces in the far-field zone were also sampled. In addition, tape stripping of the skin was performed on one worker. The tape samples were analysed with scanning electron microscopy to detect the carbon-based NOAA. Air sampling with a personal impactor was also performed on a worker who was producing MWCNTs the same day as the tape samples were collected.

Results: MWCNTs were detected in 50% of the collected tape samples and carbon nanodiscs in 17%. MWCNTs and carbon nanodiscs were identified in all parts of the workplace, thus, increasing the risk for secondary inhalation and dermal exposure of the workers. Both airborne MWCNTs and carbon nanodiscs were detected in the personal impactor samples. The tape-strip samples from the worker showed no presence of carbon-containing nanoparticles.

Conclusions: Tape sampling is a functional method for detecting surface contamination of carbon-based NOAA and for exposure control during production at potentially any workplace that produces or handles such manufactured nanomaterials. With the tape method, it is possible to monitor if a potential for secondary inhalation exposure or dermal exposure exists through resuspension of dust deposited on workplace surfaces. By means of air sampling, we could confirm that carbon nanodiscs were resuspended into the air at the workplace even though they were not handled during that particular work shift. MWCNTs were detected in the air samples, but can have been derived from either resuspension or from the work tasks with MWCNTs that were performed during the air sampling. Tape sampling is a complementary method to air sampling and together these two methods provide a better view of the hygienic situation in workplaces where NOAA can be emitted into work environments.

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