在生殖环境中直接对消费者进行检测——卫生专业人员应该关注吗?

IF 3.1 Q1 Arts and Humanities
Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-04-29 DOI:10.1186/s40504-014-0018-3
Heather Skirton
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引用次数: 1

摘要

通过互联网直接向消费者提供基因检测已经有十多年的历史了。最初,这种类型的大多数测试都是在没有消费者自己的健康专业人员参与的情况下提供的。人们对使用这种检测提出了道德和实际关切:这些关切包括满足知情同意的要求、将检测结果用于保健管理以及接受检测的人可能给保健服务带来的负担。这些检测现已应用于生殖保健。无创产前检测的出现促进了仅使用母体血液样本对胎儿进行基因检测。然而,提供此类测试的公司,例如非整倍体,似乎是根据母亲健康专业人员的推荐来做的。可以购买一系列常染色体隐性遗传病的孕前或产前携带者检测,而无需了解准父母的卫生专业人员的输入。然而,除非测试中包含特定人群的适当突变,否则结果可能会产生错误的保证。未经推定父亲同意的亲子鉴定也可通过互联网进行,确定胎儿性别的检测也可用于选择特定性别的儿童。直接面向消费者的测试可以帮助未来的父母确定他们未来孩子的遗传风险,然而,重要的是他们要意识到这些测试可能存在的局限性和优势。国家管制可能无法有效确保所有有关个人的安全,因此可能需要国际压力,确保公司遵守业务守则,特别是在可能影响生殖决定的测试方面。然而,卫生专业人员有责任确保他们有足够的知识,使他们能够适当地指导病人。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Direct to consumer testing in reproductive contexts--should health professionals be concerned?

Direct to consumer genetic testing offered via the Internet has been available for over a decade. Initially most tests of this type were offered without the input of the consumer's own health professional. Ethical and practical concerns have been a raised over the use of such tests: these include fulfilling the requirement for informed consent, utility of results for health care management and the potential burden placed upon health services by people who have taken tests.These tests now have an application in reproductive healthcare. The advent of non-invasive prenatal testing has facilitated the genetic testing of the fetus using only a maternal blood sample. However, companies offering such tests, for example for aneuploidy, appear to be doing so based on a referral from the mother's health professional. Preconception or prenatal carrier testing for a range of autosomal recessive conditions can be purchased without the input of a health professional who knows the prospective parents. However, unless the appropriate mutations for the specific population are included in the test, results may create false reassurance. Paternity testing without the consent of the putative father is also available via the Internet, as are tests to ascertain the sex of the fetus, which may be used to select children of a specific gender.Direct-to-consumer tests may support prospective parents to identify genetic risk to their future children, however, it is important that they are aware of the possible limitations, as well as advantages, of these tests. National regulation may not prove effective in ensuring the safety of all individuals involved, therefore international pressure to ensure companies conform to Codes of Practice may be needed, especially in relation to tests that could influence reproductive decisions. However, health professionals have a duty to ensure they are sufficiently knowledgeable to enable them to guide patients appropriately.

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来源期刊
Life Sciences, Society and Policy
Life Sciences, Society and Policy Arts and Humanities-Philosophy
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The purpose of Life Sciences, Society and Policy (LSSP) is to analyse social, ethical and legal dimensions of the most dynamic branches of life sciences and technologies, and to discuss ways to foster responsible innovation, sustainable development and user-driven social policies. LSSP provides an academic forum for engaged scholarship at the intersection of life sciences, philosophy, bioethics, science studies and policy research, and covers a broad area of inquiry both in emerging research areas such as genomics, bioinformatics, biophysics, molecular engineering, nanotechnology and synthetic biology, and in more applied fields such as translational medicine, food science, environmental science, climate studies, research on animals, sustainability, science education and others. The goal is to produce insights, tools and recommendations that are relevant not only for academic researchers and teachers, but also for civil society, policy makers and industry, as well as for professionals in education, health care and the media, thus contributing to better research practices, better policies, and a more sustainable global society.
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