挪威谷物和配合饲料工业中决定谷物粉尘和微生物暴露的工作任务。

Annals of Occupational Hygiene Pub Date : 2015-07-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-05 DOI:10.1093/annhyg/mev012
Anne Straumfors, Kari Kulvik Heldal, Inge M Wouters, Wijnand Eduard
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引用次数: 19

摘要

目的:谷物和配合饲料行业不可避免地存在暴露于谷物粉尘及其微生物含量的风险。因此,本研究的目的是调查任务依赖性暴露差异,以便为挪威谷物和配合饲料行业的认识和减少暴露措施创造知识基础。方法:对20个粮食升降机和配合饲料厂在1个秋冬两个季节的工作中,采用全程个人采样法采集空气中粉尘166份。将个体对粉尘、内毒素、β-1→3-葡聚糖、细菌和真菌孢子的暴露量量化并作为混合模型的个体结果,将工人嵌套在公司作为随机效应,不同部门和任务作为固定效应。结果:粮食升降机部门暴露水平最高。内毒素暴露率尤其高。代表最高和最低暴露的任务因生物气溶胶成分而异。影响粉尘暴露的最重要因素是清洁和工艺控制。清洁使粉尘暴露水平增加了参考值的2.44倍,从0.65增加到1.58mg m(-3),而过程控制使粉尘暴露水平增加了2.97倍,从0.65增加到1.93mg m(-3)。过程控制与配合饲料厂、联合谷物升降机和配合饲料厂的谷物粉尘暴露量显著低于谷物升降机。与谷物升降机相比,暴露量分别从1.93 mg m(-3)和0.42mg m(-3)减少了0.18和0.22倍。检查/维护,清洁,谷物轮作和排空是内毒素和β-1→3-葡聚糖暴露较高的决定因素。此外,种子簸扬是内毒素的一个重要决定因素,而混合动物饲料意味着更高的β-1→3-葡聚糖暴露。清洁是唯一显著增加细菌和真菌孢子暴露的任务。结论:所有公司的清洁和谷物升降机的过程控制是内毒素暴露的最强决定因素,而种子筛选是内毒素暴露的一个特别强的决定因素。因此,应考虑在具有确定的高暴露任务的工作场所通过技术干预或个人防护设备减少暴露。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Work Tasks as Determinants of Grain Dust and Microbial Exposure in the Norwegian Grain and Compound Feed Industry.

Objectives: The grain and compound feed industry entails inevitable risks of exposure to grain dust and its microbial content. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate task-dependent exposure differences in order to create knowledge basis for awareness and exposure reducing measures in the Norwegian grain and compound feed industry.

Methods: A total of 166 samples of airborne dust were collected by full-shift personal sampling during work in 20 grain elevators and compound feed mills during one autumn season and two winter seasons. The personal exposure to grain dust, endotoxins, β-1→3-glucans, bacteria, and fungal spores was quantified and used as individual outcomes in mixed models with worker nested in company as random effect and different departments and tasks as fixed effects.

Results: The exposure levels were highest in grain elevator departments. Exposure to endotoxins was particularly high. Tasks that represented the highest and lowest exposures varied depending on the bioaerosol component. The most important determinants for elevated dust exposure were cleaning and process controlling. Cleaning increased the dust exposure level by a factor of 2.44 of the reference, from 0.65 to 1.58mg m(-3), whereas process controlling increased the dust exposure level by a factor of 2.97, from 0.65 to 1.93mg m(-3). Process controlling was associated with significantly less grain dust exposure in compound feed mills and the combined grain elevators and compound feed mills, than in grain elevators. The exposure was reduced by a factor of 0.18 and 0.22, from 1.93 to 0.34mg m(-3) and to 0.42mg m(-3), respectively, compared with the grain elevators. Inspection/maintenance, cleaning, and grain rotation and emptying were determinants of higher exposure to both endotoxin and β-1→3-glucans. Seed winnowing was in addition a strong determinant for endotoxin, whereas mixing of animal feed implied higher β-1→3-glucan exposure. Cleaning was the only task that contributed significantly to higher exposure to bacteria and fungal spores.

Conclusion: Cleaning in all companies and process controlling in grain elevators were the strongest determinants for overall exposure, whereas seed winnowing was a particular strong determinant of endotoxin exposure. Exposure reduction by technical intervention or personal protective equipment should therefore be considered at work places with identified high exposure tasks.

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