坏死性真菌十字花菌是如何杀死植物细胞的仍然是个谜。

Eukaryotic Cell Pub Date : 2015-04-01 Epub Date: 2015-02-13 DOI:10.1128/EC.00226-14
Yangrae Cho
{"title":"坏死性真菌十字花菌是如何杀死植物细胞的仍然是个谜。","authors":"Yangrae Cho","doi":"10.1128/EC.00226-14","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alternaria species are mainly saprophytic fungi, but some are plant pathogens. Seven pathotypes of Alternaria alternata use secondary metabolites of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors. These toxins kill host cells prior to colonization. Genes associated with toxin synthesis reside on conditionally dispensable chromosomes, supporting the notion that pathogenicity might have been acquired several times by A. alternata. Alternaria brassicicola, however, seems to employ a different mechanism. Evidence on the use of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors remains tenuous, even after a diligent search aided by full-genome sequencing and efficient reverse-genetics approaches. Similarly, no individual genes encoding lipases or cell wall-degrading enzymes have been identified as strong virulence factors, although these enzymes have been considered important for fungal pathogenesis. This review describes our current understanding of toxins, lipases, and cell wall-degrading enzymes and their roles in the pathogenesis of A. brassicicola compared to those of other pathogenic fungi. It also describes a set of genes that affect pathogenesis in A. brassicicola. They are involved in various cellular functions that are likely important in most organisms and probably indirectly associated with pathogenesis. Deletion or disruption of these genes results in weakly virulent strains that appear to be sensitive to the defense mechanisms of host plants. Finally, this review discusses the implications of a recent discovery of three important transcription factors associated with pathogenesis and the putative downstream genes that they regulate. </p>","PeriodicalId":11891,"journal":{"name":"Eukaryotic Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00226-14","citationCount":"45","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"How the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola kills plant cells remains an enigma.\",\"authors\":\"Yangrae Cho\",\"doi\":\"10.1128/EC.00226-14\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Alternaria species are mainly saprophytic fungi, but some are plant pathogens. Seven pathotypes of Alternaria alternata use secondary metabolites of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors. These toxins kill host cells prior to colonization. Genes associated with toxin synthesis reside on conditionally dispensable chromosomes, supporting the notion that pathogenicity might have been acquired several times by A. alternata. Alternaria brassicicola, however, seems to employ a different mechanism. Evidence on the use of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors remains tenuous, even after a diligent search aided by full-genome sequencing and efficient reverse-genetics approaches. Similarly, no individual genes encoding lipases or cell wall-degrading enzymes have been identified as strong virulence factors, although these enzymes have been considered important for fungal pathogenesis. This review describes our current understanding of toxins, lipases, and cell wall-degrading enzymes and their roles in the pathogenesis of A. brassicicola compared to those of other pathogenic fungi. It also describes a set of genes that affect pathogenesis in A. brassicicola. They are involved in various cellular functions that are likely important in most organisms and probably indirectly associated with pathogenesis. Deletion or disruption of these genes results in weakly virulent strains that appear to be sensitive to the defense mechanisms of host plants. Finally, this review discusses the implications of a recent discovery of three important transcription factors associated with pathogenesis and the putative downstream genes that they regulate. </p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11891,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Eukaryotic Cell\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2015-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/EC.00226-14\",\"citationCount\":\"45\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Eukaryotic Cell\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00226-14\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2015/2/13 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Eukaryotic Cell","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00226-14","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2015/2/13 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45

摘要

互交菌属以腐生真菌为主,也有植物致病菌。7种互交菌病原型利用宿主特异性毒素的次生代谢物作为致病因子。这些毒素在定植前杀死宿主细胞。与毒素合成相关的基因位于有条件的可有可无的染色体上,这支持了一种观点,即互生草可能多次获得了致病性。然而,油菜交孢菌似乎采用了一种不同的机制。即使在全基因组测序和有效的反向遗传学方法的帮助下进行了勤奋的搜索后,关于使用宿主特异性毒素作为致病性因素的证据仍然薄弱。类似地,没有单独的基因编码脂肪酶或细胞壁降解酶被确定为强毒力因子,尽管这些酶被认为对真菌的发病机制很重要。本文综述了我们目前对毒素、脂肪酶和细胞壁降解酶的了解,以及它们在芸苔菌发病机制中的作用,并与其他致病真菌进行了比较。它还描述了一组影响芸苔菌发病机制的基因。它们参与各种细胞功能,这些功能在大多数生物体中可能很重要,并且可能与发病机制间接相关。这些基因的缺失或破坏导致弱毒菌株似乎对寄主植物的防御机制敏感。最后,本综述讨论了最近发现的与发病机制相关的三个重要转录因子及其可能调节的下游基因的含义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

How the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola kills plant cells remains an enigma.

How the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola kills plant cells remains an enigma.

Alternaria species are mainly saprophytic fungi, but some are plant pathogens. Seven pathotypes of Alternaria alternata use secondary metabolites of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors. These toxins kill host cells prior to colonization. Genes associated with toxin synthesis reside on conditionally dispensable chromosomes, supporting the notion that pathogenicity might have been acquired several times by A. alternata. Alternaria brassicicola, however, seems to employ a different mechanism. Evidence on the use of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors remains tenuous, even after a diligent search aided by full-genome sequencing and efficient reverse-genetics approaches. Similarly, no individual genes encoding lipases or cell wall-degrading enzymes have been identified as strong virulence factors, although these enzymes have been considered important for fungal pathogenesis. This review describes our current understanding of toxins, lipases, and cell wall-degrading enzymes and their roles in the pathogenesis of A. brassicicola compared to those of other pathogenic fungi. It also describes a set of genes that affect pathogenesis in A. brassicicola. They are involved in various cellular functions that are likely important in most organisms and probably indirectly associated with pathogenesis. Deletion or disruption of these genes results in weakly virulent strains that appear to be sensitive to the defense mechanisms of host plants. Finally, this review discusses the implications of a recent discovery of three important transcription factors associated with pathogenesis and the putative downstream genes that they regulate.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell 生物-微生物学
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Eukaryotic Cell (EC) focuses on eukaryotic microbiology and presents reports of basic research on simple eukaryotic microorganisms, such as yeasts, fungi, algae, protozoa, and social amoebae. The journal also covers viruses of these organisms and their organelles and their interactions with other living systems, where the focus is on the eukaryotic cell. Topics include: - Basic biology - Molecular and cellular biology - Mechanisms, and control, of developmental pathways - Structure and form inherent in basic biological processes - Cellular architecture - Metabolic physiology - Comparative genomics, biochemistry, and evolution - Population dynamics - Ecology
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信