Fertility Desires and Intentions and the Relationship to Consistent Condom Use and Provider Communication Regarding Childbearing Among HIV Clients in Uganda.

Objectives: HIV prevention and reproductive health programs emphasize consistent condom use and preventing unplanned pregnancies, but do not account for the childbearing desires of many HIV clients. We examined the correlates of fertility desires and intentions, including condom use, among HIV clients in Uganda.

Methods: Baseline data from a prospective cohort study of clients starting antiretroviral therapy were analyzed. All measures were self-report, except abstracted CD4 count.

Results: The sample included 767 clients; 34% were men and 50% had a primary sex partner. Among those with a desire (31%) or intention (24%) for having a child in the near future, 60% had not discussed this with providers. A majority (61%) had received advise about family planning, and 27% were told by their provider that they should not bear a child because of their HIV status. In regression analysis, male gender, younger age, higher CD4, having fewer children, and having a primary partner were significantly associated with fertility desires and intentions; having been told by one's provider not to have a child was associated with intentions but not desires. Among participants with a primary partner, consistent condom use was greater among those with no fertility intentions, as was receipt of advise about family planning, while HIV disclosure to partner was greater among those with intentions. Partner HIV status was not associated with fertility desires or intentions.

Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for HIV care and reproductive health programs to incorporate safer conception counseling and improve provider/patient communication regarding childbearing.