运动和睡眠对衰老的影响:强调血清素

M.O. Melancon , D. Lorrain , I.J. Dionne
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引用次数: 62

摘要

随着年龄的增长,中枢血清素活性的降低可能与晚年睡眠相关的疾病有关。尽管有氧运动对睡眠的有益影响并不新鲜,但睡眠代表着一种复杂的反复出现的无意识状态,涉及许多递质线路,尽管正在进行大量的研究,但仍只部分清楚。众所周知,释放到间脑和大脑的血清素可能在促进睡眠方面起着关键的抑制作用,可能是通过积极抑制棘上神经网络来实现的。一些证据支持运动对血清素能通路的刺激作用。因此,运动已被证明能引起前脑血清素浓度的急性升高,这种影响在运动停止后减弱。虽然适当的运动训练可能导致更高的血清素能网络的适应(前脑受体的脱敏),但过度训练与严重的脑血清素能适应不良伴有失眠有关。膳食补充色氨酸(唯一的5 -羟色胺前体)已知能刺激5 -羟色胺能活动并促进睡眠,而急性色氨酸耗竭会对睡眠造成有害影响。关于睡眠-觉醒调节,在实验动物中,运动已被证明可以加速生物钟在相移后的新光-暗周期的重新同步。值得注意的是,血清素能传递增加对清醒状态的影响似乎是双相的,即促进清醒和随后的困倦。因此,急性有氧运动可能会通过增加大脑血清素能投射的活动来作用于睡眠,尽管需要更多的工作来更好地理解血清素在运动-睡眠轴中的含义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Exercise and sleep in aging: Emphasis on serotonin

Reductions in central serotonin activity with aging might be involved in sleep-related disorders in later life. Although the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on sleep are not new, sleep represents a complex recurring state of unconsciousness involving many lines of transmitters which remains only partly clear despite intense ongoing research. It is known that serotonin released into diencephalon and cerebrum might play a key inhibitory role to help promote sleep, likely through an active inhibition of supraspinal neural networks. Several lines of evidence support the stimulatory effects of exercise on higher serotonergic pathways. Hence, exercise has proved to elicit acute elevations in forebrain serotonin concentrations, an effect that waned upon cessation of exercise. While adequate exercise training might lead to adaptations in higher serotonergic networks (desensitization of forebrain receptors), excessive training has been linked to serious brain serotonergic maladaptations accompanied by insomnia. Dietary supplementation of tryptophan (the only serotonin precursor) is known to stimulate serotonergic activity and promote sleep, whereas acute tryptophan depletion causes deleterious effects on sleep. Regarding sleep-wake regulation, exercise has proved to accelerate resynchronization of the biological clock to new light-dark cycles following imposition of phase shifts in laboratory animals. Noteworthy, the effect of increased serotonergic transmission on wake state appears to be biphasic, i.e. promote wake and thereafter drowsiness. Therefore, it might be possible that acute aerobic exercise would act on sleep by increasing activity of ascending brain serotonergic projections, though additional work is warranted to better understand the implication of serotonin in the exercise-sleep axis.

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来源期刊
Pathologie-biologie
Pathologie-biologie 医学-病理学
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