知觉学习和反转效应:原型定义的熟悉棋盘的识别。

IF 1.3 4区 心理学
Ciro Civile, Di Zhao, Yixuan Ku, Heike Elchlepp, Aureliu Lavric, I P L McLaren
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引用次数: 25

摘要

人脸倒立效应是识别倒立人脸的一种缺陷,与通常被认为是特定于面部刺激的直立方向的人脸相比。McLaren(1997)能够证明:(a)从熟悉的类别中提取的样本可以获得反转效应,即直立的样本比倒置的样本更容易被识别;(b)反转效应要求熟悉的类别是原型定义的。在本文中,我们复制并扩展了这些发现。我们证明倒置效应可以在标准的新旧识别记忆范式中获得,证明它取决于对原型定义的类别的熟悉程度,并确定该效应由两个组成部分组成。我们确认了从熟悉的、原型定义的类别中提取的直立样本的优势,并表明相对于合适的控制,从该类别中提取的倒置样本存在劣势。我们还提供了证据,表明这种效应存在与N170事件相关的潜在特征。这些结果使我们能够将最初由McLaren, Kaye和Mackintosh(1989)提出的感知学习理论与Yin首次报道的面部反转效应的解释结合起来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Perceptual learning and inversion effects: Recognition of prototype-defined familiar checkerboards.

The face inversion effect is a defection in performance in recognizing inverted faces compared with faces presented in their usual upright orientation typically believed to be specific for facial stimuli. McLaren (1997) was able to demonstrate that (a) an inversion effect could be obtained with exemplars drawn from a familiar category, such that upright exemplars were better discriminated than inverted exemplars; and (b) that the inversion effect required that the familiar category be prototype-defined. In this article, we replicate and extend these findings. We show that the inversion effect can be obtained in a standard old/new recognition memory paradigm, demonstrate that it is contingent on familiarization with a prototype-defined category, and establish that the effect is made up of two components. We confirm the advantage for upright exemplars drawn from a familiar, prototype-defined category, and show that there is a disadvantage for inverted exemplars drawn from this category relative to suitable controls. We also provide evidence that there is an N170 event-related potential signature for this effect. These results allow us to integrate a theory of perceptual learning originally proposed by McLaren, Kaye, and Mackintosh (1989) with explanations of the face inversion effect, first reported by Yin.

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来源期刊
自引率
23.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.
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