Elisa Lloyd-Smith, Mark Tyndall, Ruth Zhang, Eric Grafstein, Sam Sheps, Evan Wood, Julio Montaner, Thomas Kerr
{"title":"急诊科注射吸毒者中与注射有关的皮肤感染的决定因素。","authors":"Elisa Lloyd-Smith, Mark Tyndall, Ruth Zhang, Eric Grafstein, Sam Sheps, Evan Wood, Julio Montaner, Thomas Kerr","doi":"10.2174/1874279301206010005","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cutaneous injection-related infections (CIRI) are a primary reason injection drug users (IDU) access the emergency department (ED).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we examined predictors of ED use for CIRI, stratified by sex, among 1083 supervised injection facility (SIF) users.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a four-year period, 289 (27%) visited the ED for CIRI, yielding an incidence density for females of 23.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.3 - 29.0) and males of 19.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 16.7 - 22.1). Factors associated with ED use for CIRI among females included residing in the Downtown Eastside (DTES) (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 2.06 [1.13 - 3.78]) and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 4.48 [2.76 - 7.30]). Among males, requiring assistance with injection (AHR = 1.38 [1.01 - 1.90]), being HIV-positive (AHR = 1.85 [1.34 - 2.55]), and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 2.97 [1.93 - 4.57]) were associated with an increased likelihood of an ED visit for CIRI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest SIF nurses have facilitated referral of hospital treatment for CIRI, highlighting the need for continued development of efficient and collaborative efforts to reduce the burden of CIRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"6 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856908/pdf/nihms493966.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"DETERMINANTS OF CUTANEOUS INJECTION-RELATED INFECTIONS AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS AT AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT.\",\"authors\":\"Elisa Lloyd-Smith, Mark Tyndall, Ruth Zhang, Eric Grafstein, Sam Sheps, Evan Wood, Julio Montaner, Thomas Kerr\",\"doi\":\"10.2174/1874279301206010005\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cutaneous injection-related infections (CIRI) are a primary reason injection drug users (IDU) access the emergency department (ED).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we examined predictors of ED use for CIRI, stratified by sex, among 1083 supervised injection facility (SIF) users.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a four-year period, 289 (27%) visited the ED for CIRI, yielding an incidence density for females of 23.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.3 - 29.0) and males of 19.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 16.7 - 22.1). Factors associated with ED use for CIRI among females included residing in the Downtown Eastside (DTES) (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 2.06 [1.13 - 3.78]) and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 4.48 [2.76 - 7.30]). Among males, requiring assistance with injection (AHR = 1.38 [1.01 - 1.90]), being HIV-positive (AHR = 1.85 [1.34 - 2.55]), and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 2.97 [1.93 - 4.57]) were associated with an increased likelihood of an ED visit for CIRI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest SIF nurses have facilitated referral of hospital treatment for CIRI, highlighting the need for continued development of efficient and collaborative efforts to reduce the burden of CIRI.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":88330,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"The open infectious diseases journal\",\"volume\":\"6 \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2012-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856908/pdf/nihms493966.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"The open infectious diseases journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301206010005\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The open infectious diseases journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301206010005","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
DETERMINANTS OF CUTANEOUS INJECTION-RELATED INFECTIONS AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS AT AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT.
Introduction: Cutaneous injection-related infections (CIRI) are a primary reason injection drug users (IDU) access the emergency department (ED).
Methodology: Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we examined predictors of ED use for CIRI, stratified by sex, among 1083 supervised injection facility (SIF) users.
Results: Over a four-year period, 289 (27%) visited the ED for CIRI, yielding an incidence density for females of 23.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.3 - 29.0) and males of 19.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 16.7 - 22.1). Factors associated with ED use for CIRI among females included residing in the Downtown Eastside (DTES) (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 2.06 [1.13 - 3.78]) and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 4.48 [2.76 - 7.30]). Among males, requiring assistance with injection (AHR = 1.38 [1.01 - 1.90]), being HIV-positive (AHR = 1.85 [1.34 - 2.55]), and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 2.97 [1.93 - 4.57]) were associated with an increased likelihood of an ED visit for CIRI.
Conclusion: These results suggest SIF nurses have facilitated referral of hospital treatment for CIRI, highlighting the need for continued development of efficient and collaborative efforts to reduce the burden of CIRI.
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