小RNA,大影响:转座子控制中的小RNA途径及其对宿主应激反应的影响。

Bayly S Wheeler
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引用次数: 43

摘要

转座子是一种可移动的遗传元件,是大多数基因组的主要组成部分。生物体调节转座元件的表达、转座和插入位点的偏好,减轻由不受控制的转座引起的基因组不稳定。最近的一项研究已经证明了小的非编码rna在调节真菌、植物和动物的转位中的关键作用。虽然在机制上是不同的,但这些途径都是通过一个保守的范式来工作的。转座子的存在通过其RNA的存在或通过其整合到特定的基因组位点来传达。然后这些信号被翻译成小的非编码rna,引导表观遗传修饰和基因沉默回到转座子。转座因子除了受宿主调控外,本身也能影响宿主基因的表达。转座子的表达响应环境信号,许多转座子被各种细胞应激激活。te可以作为增强子赋予局部基因调控,也可以通过其非编码rna赋予全局基因调控。因此,转座因子可以作为控制宿主基因顺式和反式表达的应激反应调节因子。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Small RNAs, big impact: small RNA pathways in transposon control and their effect on the host stress response.

Transposons are mobile genetic elements that are a major constituent of most genomes. Organisms regulate transposable element expression, transposition, and insertion site preference, mitigating the genome instability caused by uncontrolled transposition. A recent burst of research has demonstrated the critical role of small non-coding RNAs in regulating transposition in fungi, plants, and animals. While mechanistically distinct, these pathways work through a conserved paradigm. The presence of a transposon is communicated by the presence of its RNA or by its integration into specific genomic loci. These signals are then translated into small non-coding RNAs that guide epigenetic modifications and gene silencing back to the transposon. In addition to being regulated by the host, transposable elements are themselves capable of influencing host gene expression. Transposon expression is responsive to environmental signals, and many transposons are activated by various cellular stresses. TEs can confer local gene regulation by acting as enhancers and can also confer global gene regulation through their non-coding RNAs. Thus, transposable elements can act as stress-responsive regulators that control host gene expression in cis and trans.

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