出席的危险。关于荷兰学校医疗保健的起源(约1900年)]。

Studium (Rotterdam, Netherlands) Pub Date : 2008-01-01
Fedor de Beer, Nelleke Bakker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文探讨了荷兰学校医疗服务的起源。它们关注的是从19世纪对学校卫生的关注——侧重于改善建筑、课桌和课程表——到20世纪通过校医对学生健康进行医疗检查来预防疾病和虚弱的过渡时期。研究表明,与比利时和英国相比,荷兰在这方面的作用很小,因为没有引入立法。此外,第一代市立学校医生的指导仅限于医疗检查;他们发现的疾病的治疗仍然是私人医生的特权。1900年左右荷兰社会的宗派主义特征似乎是一个重要的环境,刺激了政府对干预宗教教育和学生的限制,尤其是政府。学校医生有限的指导似乎是为宗教团体接受这项服务的关键。教师组织对这项服务表示欢迎,因为他们承认自己缺乏卫生知识,而且这项服务并不影响教学本身。然而,义务教育似乎排除了其他办法来减少课堂教育的危险,特别是感染传染病和其他"学校"疾病。医学界不必像帝国主义者那样成为被迫上学的儿童的保护者。在荷兰,学校医疗检查是由一个不再接受课堂教育对健康危害的社会创造的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[The dangers of attendance. About the genesis of health care in Dutch schools (c. 1900)].

In this article, the authors discuss the origins of the school medical service in The Netherlands. They focus on the period of transition from nineteenth-century concern for school hygiene--focusing on the improvement of buildings, school desks and timetables--to twentieth-century prevention of diseases and infirmities through medical inspection of pupils' health by school doctors. The research shows that in the Netherlands, when compared to Belgium and England, the state played only a minor role in this respect, as no legislation was introduced. Moreover, the instructions of the first generation of municipal school doctors were limited to medical examination; treatment of the illnesses they found continued to be the privilege of private practitioners. The sectarian character of Dutch society around 1900 seems to have been an important circumstance, stimulating restraint from interfering with religion-based education and its pupils in particular on the part of the government. School doctors' limited instruction appears to have been crucial for the acceptance of the service for denominational groups. Teachers' organisations welcomed the service, as they admitted their own lack of hygienic knowledge and the service did not interfere with teaching itself. Nevertheless, compulsory education seems to have ruled out other solutions to reduce the dangers of classroom education, particularly catching contagious and other 'school' diseases. The medical profession did not have to act as imperialists to become the protector of children that were forced to go to school. In the Netherlands, school medical inspection was created by a society that no longer accepted the health hazards of classroom education.

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