[塞缪尔·哈内曼和相似原理]。

Josef M Schmidt
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引用次数: 0

摘要

相似原则(以逸待义)通常被认为是塞缪尔·哈内曼(Samuel Hahnemann, 1755-1843)建立的顺势疗法学说的支柱之一。然而,它在顺势疗法实践中的地位和相关性可能会受到语义、概念和认识论异议的挑战。1. 与字面意思相反,“similia similibus current”通常用于“所有的疾病都应该用类似的药物疾病来治疗”的意义上,从而超越了其原有的适应症领域。2. 从1796年,哈内曼发表了他对相似原理的第一个定义开始,他逐渐提高了他的主张,从仅仅提出一个寻找新的治疗方法的启发式原则,到1807/1808年坚持认为他发现了自然法则和唯一真正的治疗方法。为了证实他雄心勃勃的原则,哈内曼不得不引入各种各样的理论,这些理论反过来又成为随后关于顺势疗法争论的主要战场。3.从科学认识论的角度来看,科学永远不可能由一套最终的绝对真理或类似的东西组成,而必须被描述为一个连续的社会过程,它保留了溯因、演绎和归纳的方法论循环。然而,从医学理论的角度来看,医学应该被视为一门实用科学,而不是一门认知科学。它首先关心的应该是发展治疗病人的实际方向,而竞争理论的价值只能从它们在实践中的有用性来判断。因此,尽管哈内曼的理论,包括他的相似原理的概念,可能是站不住脚的或过时的,但他所创立的真正的顺势疗法仍然独立于理论和概念层面的批评,也不受批评的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Samuel Hahnemann and the principle of similars].

The principle of similars (treat likes by likes) is generally considered to be one of the pillars of the homeopathic doctrine established by Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843). Nevertheless, its status and relevance with regard to the practice of homeopathy can be challenged by semantic, conceptual, and epistemological objections. 1. Contrary to its literal meaning, "similia similibus curentur" is commonly used in the sense of "all diseases should be treated by similar drug diseases", thus transgressing its original field of indication. 2. From 1796, when Hahnemann published his first definition of the principle of similars, he gradually raised his claims from merely suggesting a heuristic principle for finding new curative remedies to insisting on having discovered a law of nature and the only true way of healing, in 1807/1808. To substantiate his ambitious tenets, Hahnemann had to introduce a variety of theories which in turn were to become the main battleground in the ensuing controversy about homeopathy. 3. From the perspective of epistemology of science, science can never consist of a final set of absolute truths or the like but must rather be described as a continuous social process that retains a methodological cycle of abduction, deduction, and induction. From the perspective of theory of medicine, however, medicine is to be considered as a practical rather than a cognitive science in its own right. Its first concern ought to be the development of practical directions for treating patients, while the value of competing theories can only be judged from their usefulness in practice. Hence, even though Hahnemann's theories, including his conception of the principle of similars, may be untenable or outdated, the genuine method of homeopathic treatment he founded remains independent of and unaffected by criticism at the level of theory and concepts.

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