Impact of a Medication Management System on Nursing Home Admission Rate in a Community-Dwelling Nursing Home–Eligible Medicaid Population

Background

Community-dwelling frail elderly have an increased need for effective medication management to reside in their homes and delay or avoid admission to nursing homes.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a medication management system on nursing home admission within the community-dwelling frail elderly.

Methods

This prospective cohort study compared nursing home admission rates in intervention and control clients of a state Medicaid home and community-based waiver program. Groups were matched on age (±5 years), race, gender, and waiver program start date (±120 days). The medication management service consisted of 2 parts: 1) prescription medicines dispensed from the client's local pharmacy in a calendar card, and 2) a coordinating service by a health educator to address medication-related problems as they arose. The primary dependent variable was admission to a nursing home.

Results

A total of 273 clients agreed to participate, enrolled, and had at least 1 prescription dispensed. The matched control group was composed of 800 other clients. The client sample was 72 years of age, 73% (785/1073) non-white, 75% (804/1073) female, and enrolled in the waiver program approximately 50 months. The 2 groups were similar on all demographic variables examined. Six clients (2.2%) in the intervention group and 40 clients (5.0%) in the control group were admitted to a nursing home at least once during the study period. Logistic regression was used to test the model predicting at least 1 nursing home admission. Control group clients were 2.94 times more likely to be admitted to a nursing home than clients in the intervention group.

Conclusions

The medication management service implemented within this study was effective in reducing nursing home admissions in a group of frail community-dwelling elderly.