交感和副交感神经节的卫星胶质细胞:功能研究

Menachem Hanani
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引用次数: 134

摘要

神经胶质细胞被认为对中枢神经系统的许多功能至关重要,这似乎也适用于周围神经系统的神经胶质细胞。在大多数类型的外周神经节(感觉神经节、交感神经节和副交感神经节)中,主要的胶质细胞类型是卫星胶质细胞(SGCs)。这些细胞通常在单个神经元周围形成包膜,形成一个独特的功能单元,由神经元及其参与的SGCs组成。本文综述了交感神经节和副交感神经节中SGCs的形态学知识,以及它们的生理学和药理学(有限)可用信息。看来SGCs携带ATP受体,因此可以对神经元释放这种神经递质作出反应。有证据表明,SGCs具有GABA的摄取机制,可能还有其他神经递质,这使它们能够控制神经元微环境。神经节后或神经节前神经纤维的损伤会影响神经节神经元和上神经细胞。神经节后神经切除的一个主要后果是神经节前神经末梢的脱离,导致突触传递的下降。至少在交感神经节中,SGCs参与了脱离过程,并可能参与了随后突触连接的恢复。与感觉神经元不同,自主神经节中的神经元接受突触输入,SGCs与突触钮扣的联系非常密切。这使得SGCs处于影响自主神经节突触传递和信息处理的位置,但这一主题需要进一步的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Satellite glial cells in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia: In search of function

Glial cells are established as essential for many functions of the central nervous system, and this seems to hold also for glial cells in the peripheral nervous system. The main type of glial cells in most types of peripheral ganglia – sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic – is satellite glial cells (SGCs). These cells usually form envelopes around single neurons, which create a distinct functional unit consisting of a neuron and its attending SGCs. This review presents the knowledge on the morphology of SGCs in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, and the (limited) available information on their physiology and pharmacology. It appears that SGCs carry receptors for ATP and can thus respond to the release of this neurotransmitter by the neurons. There is evidence that SGCs have an uptake mechanism for GABA, and possibly other neurotransmitters, which enables them to control the neuronal microenvironment. Damage to post- or preganglionic nerve fibers influences both the ganglionic neurons and the SGCs. One major consequence of postganglionic nerve section is the detachment of preganglionic nerve terminals, resulting in decline of synaptic transmission. It appears that, at least in sympathetic ganglia, SGCs participate in the detachment process, and possibly in the subsequent recovery of the synaptic connections. Unlike sensory neurons, neurons in autonomic ganglia receive synaptic inputs, and SGCs are in very close contact with synaptic boutons. This places the SGCs in a position to influence synaptic transmission and information processing in autonomic ganglia, but this topic requires much further work.

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Brain Research Reviews
Brain Research Reviews 医学-神经科学
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