Katarina Karlsson PhD, RN, Ensa Johnson PhD, Stefan Nilsson PhD
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引用次数: 0
摘要
对许多儿童来说，针扎手术是一件可怕的事情，往往是痛苦的。症状管理的第一步是评估孩子的疼痛和恐惧，下一步是使用应对策略为在手术过程中经历或感到疼痛和恐惧的孩子提供症状缓解。儿童行动-反应评估工具(CARAT)建立在行动-反应策略的基础上。本研究旨在确定3至7岁儿童针刺手术中使用CARAT的评分间可靠性。设计和方法我们采用定量方法，由两名独立的观察者在针刺过程中观察21名儿童，以评估CARAT的评级间可靠性。数据分析采用描述性统计，观察得分计算采用SPSS for Windows，版本25类内相关系数(ICC)检验。结果完成的CARAT表明采用了作用-反应策略。不经常使用行动或反应策略。父母很少参与手术过程。评估者之间的信度显示观察者之间有足够的相关性。实践启示本研究对克拉量表的量表间信度显示了有希望的结果，该量表可用于促进儿童护理。该观察工具可用于评估在3-7岁儿童中结合针头手术使用行动-反应策略的情况。
The Children's Action-Reaction Assessment Tool (CARAT) as an observational technique for assessing symptom management: An initial validation study with children aged 3–7 years undergoing needle procedures
Purpose
For many children, needle procedures are fearful events that are often painful. The first step in symptom management is to assess the child's pain and fear, and the next step is to use coping strategies to provide symptom relief for children who experience or feel pain and fear during procedures. The Children's Action–Reaction Assessment Tool (CARAT) is built on action–reaction strategies. This study aimed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the CARAT when used during needle procedures with 3- to 7-year-old children.
Design and Methods
We used a quantitative approach in which 21 children were observed by two independent observers during needle procedures to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of the CARAT. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, and the observation scores were calculated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) test on SPSS for Windows, version 25.
Results
The completed CARAT indicated the use of action–reaction strategies. Neither action nor reaction strategies were frequently used. The parents were seldom involved in the procedure. The inter-rater reliability showed a sufficient correlation between the observers.
Practice Implications
This study showed promising results for the inter-rater reliability of the CARAT, which can be used to facilitate care for children. The observational tool can be used to assess the use of action–reaction strategies in conjunction with needle procedures in children aged 3–7 years.
期刊介绍：
Linking science and practice by publishing evidence-based information on pediatric nursing and answering the question, ''How might this information affect nursing practice?''
The Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing (JSPN) is the international evidence-based practice journal for nurses who specialize in the care of children and families. JSPN bridges the gap between research and practice by publishing peer-reviewed reliable, clinically relevant, and readily applicable evidence. The journal integrates the best evidence with pediatric nurses'' passion for achieving the best outcomes. The journal values interdisciplinary perspectives and publishes a wide variety of peer-reviewed papers on clinically relevant topics.
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