{"title":"印度丹巴德道路网颗粒物质和道路粉尘中重金属污染和健康风险评估","authors":"Shweta Kumari, Manish Kumar Jain, Suresh Pandian Elumalai","doi":"10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210305","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rise in particulate matter (PM) concentrations is a serious problem for the environment. Heavy metals associated with PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust adversely affect human health. Different methods have been used to assess heavy metal contamination in PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust and source apportionment of these heavy metals. These assessment tools utilize pollution indices and health risk assessment models.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study evaluates the total mass and average concentrations of heavy metals in PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust along selected road networks in Dhanbad, India, analyzes the source apportionment of heavy metals, and assesses associated human health risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 112 PM samples and 21 road dust samples were collected from six stations and one background site in Dhanbad, India from December 2015 to February 2016, and were analyzed for heavy metals (iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn)) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Source apportionment was determined using principal component analysis. A health risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average mass concentration was found to be 229.54±118.40 μg m<sup>-3</sup> for PM<sub>10</sub> and 129.73 ±61.74 μg m<sup>-3</sup> for PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The average concentration of heavy metals was found to be higher in PM<sub>2.5</sub> than PM<sub>10</sub>. The pollution load index value of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> road dust was found to be in the deteriorating category. Vehicles were the major source of pollution. The non-carcinogenic effects on children and adults were found to be within acceptable limits. The heavy metals present in PM and road dust posed a health risk in the order of road dust> PM<sub>10</sub>> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Particulate matter posed higher health risks than road dust due to particle size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mass concentration analysis indicates serious PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> contamination in the study area. Vehicle traffic was the major source of heavy metals in PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust. In terms of non-carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals in the present study, children were more affected than adults. The carcinogenic risk posed by the heavy metals was negligible.</p><p><strong>Competing interests: </strong>The authors declare no competing financial interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":52138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health and Pollution","volume":"11 29","pages":"210305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8009640/pdf/","citationCount":"20","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India.\",\"authors\":\"Shweta Kumari, Manish Kumar Jain, Suresh Pandian Elumalai\",\"doi\":\"10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210305\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rise in particulate matter (PM) concentrations is a serious problem for the environment. Heavy metals associated with PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust adversely affect human health. Different methods have been used to assess heavy metal contamination in PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust and source apportionment of these heavy metals. These assessment tools utilize pollution indices and health risk assessment models.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study evaluates the total mass and average concentrations of heavy metals in PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust along selected road networks in Dhanbad, India, analyzes the source apportionment of heavy metals, and assesses associated human health risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 112 PM samples and 21 road dust samples were collected from six stations and one background site in Dhanbad, India from December 2015 to February 2016, and were analyzed for heavy metals (iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn)) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Source apportionment was determined using principal component analysis. A health risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average mass concentration was found to be 229.54±118.40 μg m<sup>-3</sup> for PM<sub>10</sub> and 129.73 ±61.74 μg m<sup>-3</sup> for PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The average concentration of heavy metals was found to be higher in PM<sub>2.5</sub> than PM<sub>10</sub>. The pollution load index value of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> road dust was found to be in the deteriorating category. Vehicles were the major source of pollution. The non-carcinogenic effects on children and adults were found to be within acceptable limits. The heavy metals present in PM and road dust posed a health risk in the order of road dust> PM<sub>10</sub>> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Particulate matter posed higher health risks than road dust due to particle size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mass concentration analysis indicates serious PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> contamination in the study area. Vehicle traffic was the major source of heavy metals in PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and road dust. In terms of non-carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals in the present study, children were more affected than adults. The carcinogenic risk posed by the heavy metals was negligible.</p><p><strong>Competing interests: </strong>The authors declare no competing financial interests.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":52138,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Health and Pollution\",\"volume\":\"11 29\",\"pages\":\"210305\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-03-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8009640/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"20\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Health and Pollution\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210305\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2021/3/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Medicine\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Health and Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210305","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2021/3/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India.
Background: The rise in particulate matter (PM) concentrations is a serious problem for the environment. Heavy metals associated with PM10, PM2.5, and road dust adversely affect human health. Different methods have been used to assess heavy metal contamination in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust and source apportionment of these heavy metals. These assessment tools utilize pollution indices and health risk assessment models.
Objectives: The present study evaluates the total mass and average concentrations of heavy metals in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust along selected road networks in Dhanbad, India, analyzes the source apportionment of heavy metals, and assesses associated human health risks.
Methods: A total of 112 PM samples and 21 road dust samples were collected from six stations and one background site in Dhanbad, India from December 2015 to February 2016, and were analyzed for heavy metals (iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn)) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Source apportionment was determined using principal component analysis. A health risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust was also performed.
Results: The average mass concentration was found to be 229.54±118.40 μg m-3 for PM10 and 129.73 ±61.74 μg m-3 for PM2.5. The average concentration of heavy metals was found to be higher in PM2.5 than PM10. The pollution load index value of PM10 and PM2.5 road dust was found to be in the deteriorating category. Vehicles were the major source of pollution. The non-carcinogenic effects on children and adults were found to be within acceptable limits. The heavy metals present in PM and road dust posed a health risk in the order of road dust> PM10> and PM2.5. Particulate matter posed higher health risks than road dust due to particle size.
Conclusions: The mass concentration analysis indicates serious PM10 and PM2.5 contamination in the study area. Vehicle traffic was the major source of heavy metals in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust. In terms of non-carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals in the present study, children were more affected than adults. The carcinogenic risk posed by the heavy metals was negligible.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Health and Pollution (JH&P) was initiated with funding from the European Union and World Bank and continues to be a Platinum Open Access Journal. There are no publication or viewing charges. That is, there are no charges to readers or authors. Upon peer-review and acceptance, all articles are made available online. The high-ranking editorial board is comprised of active members who participate in JH&P submissions and editorial policies. The Journal of Health and Pollution welcomes manuscripts based on original research as well as findings from re-interpretation and examination of existing data. JH&P focuses on point source pollution, related health impacts, environmental control and remediation technology. JH&P also has an interest in ambient and indoor pollution. Pollutants of particular interest include heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), and other severe and persistent toxins. JH&P emphasizes work relating directly to low and middle-income countries, however relevant work relating to high-income countries will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
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