棉花栽培种间杂种F1的细胞学特征及其亲缘关系研究。

Yan-Hui Gao, Shui-Jin Zhu, Dao-Fan Ji
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摘要

将棉花属4个栽培种(草木、木本、毛毛和巴巴多斯)进行种间杂交,获得单种杂种F1、(木本×草木)F1和(毛毛×巴巴多斯)F1,以及将(木本×草木)F1与(毛毛×巴巴多斯)F1染色体双倍杂交而成的四种杂种F1。为了研究棉属4个栽培种间的进化关系,本文研究了种间杂种F1减数分裂时的染色体行为特征和花粉活力。结果表明,二倍体种间杂交种(木棉x草棉)F1具有一个四染色体环,染色体构型为2n = 26 = 11 II + 1 IV,正常花粉率为50.71%,表现出典型配子半不育的性状,说明木棉和草棉两种二倍体棉花之间存在染色体易位。异源四倍体种间杂交(G. hirsutum x G. barbadense) F1中,I期大部分染色体可以配对成二价染色体,有少量的一价染色体、三价染色体和四价染色体。染色体构型为2n = 52 = 0.78 I +22.24 II +0.94 III +0.98 IV,正常花粉率为54。84%。结果表明,两种异源四倍体棉花存在少量染色体易位或倒位现象。四种杂种F1减数分裂异常,染色体丢失常见。大多数染色体在I中期不能突触,这导致了许多单价染色体和一些多价染色体。四种杂种F1的染色体构型为2n = 52 = 5.45 I +14.41 II +2.44 III +1.59 IV +0.63 V +0.15 VI,正常花粉率为6.87%,表明4种栽培棉花亲缘关系较近。通过基因重组,可以获得具有这四种栽培种优良性状的新种质。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Studies on the cytological characters of the interspecific hybrid F1 among the cultivated species in Gossypium and their genetic relationship].

Interspescific hybridization among four cultivated species in Gossypium (G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense) were carried out to produce dispecific hybrids F1, (G. arboreum x G. herbaceum) F1 and (G. hirsutum x G. barbadense) F1, and quadrispecific hybrid F1, which was produced by crossed the chromosome doubled (G. arboreum x G. herbaceum) F1 with (G. hirsutum x G. barbadense) F1. In order to study the evolution relationship among the four cultivated species in Gossypium, the characteristic of chromosome behavior during the meiosis and pollen viability in those interspecific hybrids F1 were studied in this paper. The results showed that the diploid interspecific hybrid, (G. arboreum x G. herbaceum) F1, had a four-chromosome-ring, the chromosome configuration was 2n = 26 = 11 II + 1 IV. And the normal pollen percent was 50.71%, which showed the character of typical gamete semi-sterility, and approved that there was a chromosome translocation between the two diploid cotton species, G. arboreum and G. herbaceum. For the allotetraploid species interspecific hybrid F1, (G. hirsutum x G. barbadense) F1, most of the chromosomes at metaphase I could be paired into bivalents, with a few number of univalents, trivalents, and quardrivalents. The chromosome configuration was 2n = 52 = 0.78 I +22.24 II +0.94 III +0.98 IV, with a normal pollen rate of 54. 84%. The experiment showed that there were a few chromosome translocation or chromosome inversion between the two allotetraploid cotton species, G. hirsutum and G. barbadenses. The meiosis of the quardrispecific hybrid F1 was abnormal, and the loss of chromosomes was common. Most of the chromosomes could not synapse at metaphase I, which led to many univalents and some multivalents. The chromosome configuration of the quardrispecific hybrid F1 was 2n = 52 = 5.45 I +14.41 II +2.44 III +1.59 IV +0.63 V +0.15 VI, and the normal pollen rate was 6.87%, which showed that the relationship of four cultivated cotton species was relatively closed. It is possible to produce a new germplasm with the good characters of the four cultivated species through genetic recombination.

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