中国人对堕胎和胎儿生命的道德观:一个历史的描述。

New Zealand bioethics journal Pub Date : 2002-10-01
Jing-Bao Nie
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们普遍认为,无论是现在还是历史上,中国人对堕胎的典型态度都是非常宽容或“自由”的。人们普遍认为,中国人通常不认为堕胎有道德问题,他们认为人的生命从出生就开始了。作为一个关于中国人对堕胎的看法和经验的更大研究项目的一部分,这篇文章代表了对中国人对堕胎和胎儿生命的道德观点的修正主义历史描述。通过介绍佛教和儒家对堕胎的看法,传统中医对胎儿生命的理解,“保守”儒家立场的可能道德基础,以及20世纪中国堕胎法律和政策的一些历史特征,本文表明,中国对堕胎的看法一直是宽容的,这一普遍假设在历史上是没有根据的。和现在一样,历史上对堕胎也存在着不同的和对立的观点,许多中国人,不仅是佛教徒,也包括儒家教徒,都认为故意终止妊娠是在摧毁一个远早于出生时就开始的生命。目前在这个问题上的主流和官方路线并不一定符合中国的历史价值观和实践。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Chinese moral perspectives on abortion and foetal life: an historical account.

It is accepted wisdom that, at the present time as well as historically, the typical Chinese attitude toward abortion is very permissive or 'liberal'. It has been widely perceived that Chinese people usually do not consider abortion morally problematic and that they think a human life starts at birth. As part of a bigger research project on Chinese views and experiences of abortion, this article represents a revisionist historical account of Chinese moral perspectives on abortion and foetal life. By presenting Buddhist and Confucian views of abortion, traditional Chinese medical understandings of foetal life, the possible moral foundation of a 'conservative' Confucian position, and some historical features of abortion laws and policies in twentieth-century China, this paper shows that blanket assumptions that the Chinese view of abortion has always been permissive are historically unfounded. As in the present, there existed different and opposing views about abortion in history, and many Chinese, not only Buddhists but also Confucians, believed that deliberately terminating pregnancy is to destroy a human life which starts far earlier than at birth. The current dominant and official line on the subject does not necessarily accord with historical Chinese values and practices.

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