水肿的人大脑皮层神经元膜的超微结构病理学。

O J Castejon
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对32例临床诊断为先天性脑积水、脑外伤、肿瘤及血管异常的患者进行了额、顶叶及颞叶的手术活检。主要目的是研究体树突、轴突和突触质膜、细胞膜和细胞骨架的亚微观变化。中度和重度水肿均可见质膜破裂、粗面内质池和核膜增大、局灶性坏死、膜结合核糖体脱离、多聚体减少。退化的髓鞘轴突表现为轴膜不连续性,多髓鞘片组织紊乱,髓鞘空泡化,髓鞘卵泡形成。在严重水肿中,经常发现突触解体,其特征是突触前和突触后末梢分离,突触周围胶质鞘丢失。微管断裂和完整,肌动蛋白样细丝也被区分。质膜和细胞膜的改变与脑实质缺氧缺血状况有关。自由基和脂质过氧化的作用、能量代谢紊乱、代谢级联改变、兴奋毒性、蛋白质聚集和细胞外水肿液的存在与神经元膜的紊乱有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ultrastructural pathology of neuronal membranes in the oedematous human cerebral cortex.

Surgical biopsies of frontal, parietal and temporal regions of thirty two patients with clinical diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus, brain trauma, tumours, and vascular anomalies were examined with the transmission electron microscope. The main goal was to study the submicroscopic alterations of somatodendritic, axonal, and synaptic plasma membranes, cytomembranes, and the cytoskeleton. In both, moderate and severe oedema, fragmentation of plasma membrane, enlargement and focal necrosis of rough endoplasmic cisterns and nuclear envelope, detachment of membrane-bound ribosomes and reduction of polysome were observed. The degenerated myelinated axons exhibited discontinuities of the axolemma, disorganisation of multiple myelin lamellae, myelin sheath vacuolization, and formation of myelin ovoids. In severe oedema, synaptic disassembly was frequently found characterized by separate pre- and postsynaptic endings and loss of perisynaptic glial ensheathment. Fragmented and intact microtubules and actin-like filaments also were distinguished. The alterations of plasma membranes and cytomembranes are related with the anoxic-ischaemic conditions of brain parenchyma. The role of free radical and lipid peroxidation, disturbed energy metabolism, altered metabolic cascades, excitotoxicity, protein aggregation, and presence of extracellular oedema fluid is discussed in relation with the derangement of neuronal membranes.

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