红豆因中毒。

Kirsten J Dickers, Sally M Bradberry, Paul Rice, Gareth D Griffiths, J Allister Vale
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引用次数: 93

摘要

蓖麻毒素是从一种名为Abrus precatorius(菊豆)的植物种子中提取的有毒蛋白,其结构和性质与蓖麻毒素相似。蓖麻毒素毒性很强,估计人体致死剂量为0.1-1微克/公斤,在意外和故意中毒后造成死亡。用一种相对简单和便宜的方法可以从芸豆中提取Abrin。这满足了潜在的化学战剂的一个标准,尽管由于缺乏大规模生产的菊科种子,意味着没有足够的数量来准备大规模生产用于武器的皂素。这与为生产蓖麻油而大量种植蓖麻种子形成对比。在细胞水平上,abrin抑制蛋白质合成,从而导致细胞死亡。在蓖麻毒素中毒中观察到的许多特征可以用蓖麻毒素诱导的内皮细胞损伤来解释,这导致毛细血管通透性增加,随之而来的液体和蛋白质渗漏和组织水肿(所谓的血管渗漏综合征)。大多数报告的人类中毒病例涉及摄入菊豆,主要引起胃肠道毒性。管理是有症状的和支持的。实验研究表明,接种abrin类毒素疫苗可能对随后的abrin攻击提供一定的保护,尽管这种方法不太可能对平民人群有益,因为他们很可能没有保护。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Abrin poisoning.

Abrin is a toxic protein obtained from the seeds of Abrus precatorius (jequirity bean), which is similar in structure and properties to ricin. Abrin is highly toxic, with an estimated human fatal dose of 0.1-1 microgram/kg, and has caused death after accidental and intentional poisoning. Abrin can be extracted from jequirity beans using a relatively simple and cheap procedure. This satisfies one criterion of a potential chemical warfare agent, although the lack of large scale production of jequirity seeds means that quantity is unavailable for ready mass production of abrin for weapons. This contrasts with the huge cultivation of Ricinus seeds for castor oil production. At the cellular level, abrin inhibits protein synthesis, thereby causing cell death. Many of the features observed in abrin poisoning can be explained by abrin-induced endothelial cell damage, which causes an increase in capillary permeability with consequent fluid and protein leakage and tissue oedema (the so-called vascular leak syndrome). Most reported cases of human poisoning involve the ingestion of jequirity beans, which predominantly cause gastrointestinal toxicity. Management is symptomatic and supportive. Experimental studies have shown that vaccination with abrin toxoid may offer some protection against a subsequent abrin challenge, although such an approach is unlikely to be of benefit in a civilian population that in all probability would be unprotected.

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