Medical nutrition therapy of overweight adolescents.

The long-term goal of medical nutrition therapy for adolescents who are overweight or at risk for becoming overweight is to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors. These behaviors will, in turn, improve metabolic parameters and self-esteem while helping the adolescent achieve and maintain a desirable body weight. The identification of anthropometric, metabolic, nutritional, and environmental risk factors present in the child and family will help formulate the medical nutrition intervention. A well-balanced diet that supports growth and development, aerobic exercise, and cognitive behavioral strategies are essential components of an intervention program. Frequent and long-term monitoring by a registered dietitian and pediatrician will reinforce lifestyle changes and support the adolescent and family in achieving realistic goals of weight loss or weight maintenance. This article covers the assessment and interventions necessary for successful nutrition therapy for obese and superobese adolescents.