旧约中的毒理学。大祭司阿尔西摩斯是死于急性乌头碱中毒吗?

Ferdinand P Moog, Axel Karenberg
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引用次数: 7

摘要

《圣经》对神经学的历史有一些有趣的贡献,比如大祭司阿尔基莫斯,他于公元前159年突然去世。长期以来,他被视为典型的中风患者。关于他在圣堂的死亡的报告和后来关于弗拉维乌斯·约瑟夫斯的《犹太古物》都呈现出一些典型的中风症状(崩溃、失语和短时间内死亡),但它们也描述了严重的疼痛,这在中风患者中是非常罕见的。罗马皇帝克劳迪亚斯也有类似的症状,他被妻子阿格里皮娜毒死。人们认为她使用了乌头碱,这是一种附子植物(Aconitum napellus L.)的成分,它模仿中风的侮辱,但也会引起剧烈的疼痛。因此,有可能类似的事情也发生在Alkimos身上,因为乌头碱在古代是一种常见的毒药,而他死亡的环境可能证实了这种怀疑。阿尔基莫斯在一个大动乱时期执政,他之所以能够保持高位,主要是因为塞琉基德的帮助。他刚刚开始建造耶路撒冷圣殿,这一命令被他的敌人视为亵渎。这种印象在他后来的疾病中得到了加强,这可以被认为是上帝的惩罚。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Toxicology in the Old Testament. Did the High Priest Alcimus die of acute aconitine poisoning?

The Bible contains several interesting contributions to the history of neurology, as is the case of the High Priest Alkimos, who died suddenly in 159 BC. He was regarded as a stereotypical stroke victim for a long time. The reports on his death in the Septauginta and the later 'Jewish Antiquities' of Flavius Josephus present some typical symptoms of stroke (collapse, loss of speech and death within a short time), but they also describe severe pains, which are very unusual among patients with stroke. Similar symptoms can be found in the case of the Roman emperor Claudius, who was poisoned by his spouse Agrippina. It was thought that she used aconitine, an ingredient of the monkshood plant (Aconitum napellus L.), which imitates an apoplectic insult, but also causes vehement pains. It was therefore possible that something similar had happened to Alkimos, as aconitine was a common poison in ancient times and the surroundings of his death may confirm the suspicion. Reigning during a time of great upheaval, Alkimos was able to maintain his high office chiefly because of the help of the Seleucides. He has just begun construction work on the temple of Jerusalem, an order, which was regarded as a sacrilege by his foes. This impression was enhanced by his subsequent illness which could be considered as a divine punishment.

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