Immunopharmacological and immunotoxicological activities of a water-soluble (1→3)-β-d-glucan, CSBG from Candida spp.

We have established a convenient, two-step procedure to solubilize the yeast cell wall (1→3)-β-d-glucan using the combination of NaClO oxidation and DMSO extraction. Candida soluble β-d-glucan (CSBG) was mainly composed of a linear β-1,3 glucan with a linear β-1,6-glucan moiety. In this study, we screened for several immunopharmacological activities of CSBG and found the following activities: (1) interleukin-6 synthesis of macrophages in vitro; (2) antagonistic effect for zymosan mediated-tumor necrosis factor synthesis of macrophages; (3) augmentation for lipopolysaccharide mediated tumor necrosis factor and nitrogen oxide syntheses of macrophages; (4) activation of alternative pathway of complement; (5) hematopoietic response on cyclophosphamide induced leukopenia; (6) the antitumor effect on ascites form tumor; (7) Enhanced vascular permeability; (8) priming effect on lipopolysaccharide triggered TNF-α synthesis; and (9) adjuvant effect on antibody production. These results strongly suggested that CSBG possessed various immunopharmacological activity.