人体运动最佳表现的生理决定因素。

C Capelli
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引用次数: 49

摘要

在人体运动中,完成给定距离d所需的代谢能(E),在时间t内由运动的能量消耗(C),即移动一个单位距离所消耗的代谢能量与速度(v = dt(-1))的乘积确定:E = Cv = Cdt(-1)。由于对于任意给定的d, v是t的递减函数,C或随v不变或增大,因此必然得出,t越小,E越大。因此,对于任意给定的距离和对象,当E等于个体最大代谢能Emax时,时间最短。反过来,Emax是t的递减函数:它取决于受试者的最大有氧能力(MAP)和从充分利用厌氧能量储存(AnS)中获得的最大能量。因此,如果运动中的C和(v)与被试的MAP和AnS之间的关系已知,则可以通过求解等式Emax(t) = E(t)获得任意给定距离上的最佳表现时间(BPT)。这种方法已被用于估计跑步和自行车运动中的个体bpt。在本文中,上述方法将用于量化C, MAP和AnS在确定跑步,场地自行车和游泳的bpt中的作用。这是通过计算每个变量或其组合按给定百分比变化时所获得的BPT变化来实现的。结果表明,在所有三种运动类型中,无论速度如何,单独改变C所带来的BPT变化占到所有三个变量(C、MAP和AnS)变化量相同时所获得的变化的45-55%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Physiological determinants of best performances in human locomotion.

In human locomotion, the metabolic power required (E) to cover a given distance d, in the time t is set by the product of the energy cost of the locomotion (C), i.e. the amount of metabolic energy spent to move over one unit of distance, and the speed (v = d t(-1)): E = Cv = Cdt(-1). Since, for any given d, v is a decreasing function of t and C is either constant or increases with v, it necessarily follows that E is larger the smaller the value of t. Thus, for any given distance and subject, the shortest time will be achieved when E is equal to the individual maximal metabolic power (Emax). In turn, Emax is a decreasing function of t: it depends upon the subject's maximal aerobic power (MAP) and on the maximal amount of energy derived from the full utilisation of anaerobic energy stores (AnS). So, if the relationship between C and (v) in the locomotion at stake and the subject's MAP and AnS are known, his best performance time (BPT) over any given distance can be obtained by solving the equality Emax(t) = E(t). This approach has been applied to estimate individual BPTs in running and cycling. In this paper, the above approach will be used to quantify the role of C, MAP, and AnS in determining BPTs for running, track cycling and swimming. This has been achieved by calculating the changes in BPT obtained when each variable, or a combination thereof, is changed by a given percentage. The results show that in all the three types of locomotion, regardless of the speed, the changes in BPT brought about by changes of C alone account for 45-55% of the changes obtained when all three variables (C, MAP and AnS) are changed by the same amount.

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