注意缺陷多动障碍男孩对奖励频率的敏感性。

G Tripp, B Alsop
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引用次数: 186

摘要

比较有和没有注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的男孩对奖励频率差异的敏感性。15名在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(第三版,修订版;美国精神病学协会(American Psychiatric Association, 1987)和一个匹配的对照组完成了一个信号检测任务,在这个任务中,正确识别一个刺激的奖励次数是正确识别另一个刺激的奖励次数的3倍。ADHD组的男孩完成了两次任务,服药和不服药。组间差异体现在对更频繁得到奖励的选项的反应偏向上。对照组的男孩表现出稳定的反应偏差模式,不管他们最后得到的是哪种奖励。ADHD组的男孩在两种选择的奖励后表现出不同的反应偏差模式。这些结果表明,与对照组相比,ADHD儿童对个体奖励更为敏感,后者的反应偏差更多地受其强化历史的影响。哌甲酯提高了ADHD男孩对个体奖励的辨别能力,降低了对个体奖励的敏感性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sensitivity to reward frequency in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Compared the sensitivity of boys with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to differences in reward frequency. Fifteen boys with ADHD as diagnosed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and a matched control group completed a signal-detection task in which correct identification of 1 stimulus was rewarded 3 times as often as correct identification of the other. Boys in the ADHD group completed the task twice, on and off medication. Group differences emerged in response bias toward the more frequently rewarded alternative. Boys in the control group showed a stable pattern of response bias, irrespective of which alternative they were last rewarded on. Boys in the ADHD group showed different patterns of response bias following rewards on the 2 alternatives. These results suggest children with ADHD were more sensitive to individual instances of reward compared with controls, whose response bias is governed more by their reinforcement history. Methylphenidate improved discriminability and reduced sensitivity to individual instances of reward in the boys with ADHD.

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