Endobronchial stents: primary and adjuvant therapy for endobronchial airway obstruction.

Endoscopic management of symptomatic tracheobronchial airway stenosis can be an important adjunct to the care of patients with malignant, benign, and lung transplantation airway complications. For most of these patients, endobronchial dilation, debridement, and/or stenting offer significant palliation and improved quality of life. The underlying etiology of the stenosis is critical in directing the most effective and safe endobronchial therapy. The use of stents in both malignant disease and lung transplantation may offer considerable symptomatic relief with minimal complications. However, the use of stents in benign disease should be reserved for inoperable patients with no other therapeutic options.