Access to health care. Part 1: Children.

Objectives: This report presents national estimates of access to medical care and unmet health care needs for children through 17 years of age by selected sociodemographic variables including sex, age, race and/or ethnicity, family income, family structure, place of residence, and health status. In addition, the impact of children's health insurance status on access to care is described.

Methods: Data from the 1993 Access to Care and Health Insurance questionnaires of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) are analyzed to examine access indicators. The NHIS is a continuing household survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. The sample included 16,907 children from infants through 17 years of age from 24,071 households.

Results: In 1993, over 7.3 million U.S. children had at least one unmet health care need or had medical care delayed because of worry about the cost of care. These health care needs included medical care, dental care, prescription medicine, glasses, and mental health care. In addition, almost 4.2 million children lacked a regular source of health care. Factors related to access indicators included health insurance, family income, race and/or ethnicity, family structure, and place of residence. The lack of health insurance or inability to afford care was the main reason given by respondents for children lacking a regular source of medical care.

Conclusions: In the United States, millions of children do not receive needed health care services. Uninsured children and those in families with low income are at the greatest risk of having unmet health needs.