道德。

Bailliere's clinical neurology Pub Date : 1996-10-01
G B Young
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引用次数: 0

摘要

道德行为的四项原则是病人自主、仁慈、无害和公正。医生必须在尊重病人意愿的同时尽力做对病人最好的事。这允许决策,包括撤回治疗,使用病人的预先指示。脑死亡等同于死亡,不应构成决策问题。为从来没有能力的病人做决定需要医生、其他护理人员和替代决策者之间的密切合作,同时尊重道德原则和风险-收益比。在大多数国家,安乐死虽然有争议,但却是非法的。临床试验患者入组的保障措施和伦理原则、知情同意的重要性以及作为专家证人的行为都涉及上述伦理原则和责任。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ethics.

The four principles of ethical behaviour are autonomy of the patient, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. The physician must strive to do what is best for the patient while respecting that person's wishes. This allows for decision-making, including withdrawal of care, using the patient's advance directives. Brain death is equivalent to death and should not pose decision-making problems. Making decisions for the patient who was never competent requires close co-operation among physicians, other care-givers and substitute decision-makers, while respecting ethical principles and the risk-to-benefit ratio. In most countries euthanasia, while controversial, is illegal. Safeguards and ethical principles for the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, the importance of informed consent and conduct as an expert witness all involve the above ethical principles and responsibility.

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