5 Future treatment

As the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) becomes more clearly defined there is the expectation that biotechnological advances may allow additional forms of therapeutic intervention that are specific for the disease process. The purpose of this review is to describe the use of biological agents in the treatment of RA. Encouraging results in animal models using vaccines based on the pathogenic T-cell or the autoantigen have prompted the design of selective immune-based therapies. Preliminary studies following this strategy have not yet shown clinical efficacy. The results of early studies with monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte surface antigen were promising but were not sustained in controlled studies. Exciting data have been collected from placebo-controlled studies of monoclonal antibodies against TNFα. The development of biological agents in RA may not be as quick as expected but the steady progress makes it likely that our weapons to combat unwanted autoimmune responses will become more accurate and effective.