细菌生物膜是否受制于达尔文的自然选择进化概念?

Microbiologia (Madrid, Spain) Pub Date : 1996-09-01
D E Caldwell, J W Costerton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

许多抗菌剂已经被开发出来,它们在分子、细胞和有机体水平上起作用。但是,在社区一级发挥作用的办法很少。这在很大程度上是由于达尔文选择理论未能将群落设想为增殖和进化的单位。因此,很难将微生物群落视为病原体并开发对其有效的抗菌剂。因此,我们发现有必要考虑一个更全面的生物学范式,该范式将生物膜群落和其他微生物关联(例如混合感染、食物腐败、蛀牙)视为存在、活动、生态、增殖、生存和进化的单位。这些群落的存在与生物作为生态活动的单位存在的意义相同。这是一种更简单、更全面、更统一的生态学理论。它之所以简单,是因为它不再需要从个体选择的角度对利他行为进行复杂的解释。它不把进化局限于任何单一层次的生物组织(基因、种族、世系或群体)的选择,因而更为全面。它的统一在于它架起了微生物生态学、进化生态学和生态系统生态学之间的桥梁。这一理论的基础在于认识到生命由各种形式的信息(秩序)组成,这些信息(秩序)不仅通过基因重组和突变进化,而且还通过群落内生物体的重组(以及其他机制,其中一些被认为超出了生物学的范围)。它还包括抛开通过选择和竞争的进化概念,支持通过增殖和结合的进化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Are bacterial biofilms constrained to Darwin's concept of evolution through natural selection?

Numerous antimicrobial agents have been developed which act at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. However, few have been developed which act at the community-level. This results largely from the failure of Darwinian selection theory to envision communities as units of proliferation and evolution. It is thus difficult to conceive of microbial communities as causative agents and to develop antimicrobials which are effective against them. Consequently, we find it necessary to consider a more comprehensive biological paradigm which envisions biofilm communities and other microbial associations (e.g. mixed infections, food spoilage, tooth decay) as units of existence, activity, ecology, proliferation, survival, and evolution. These communities exist in the same sense that organisms exist as units of ecological activity. This is a simpler, more comprehensive, and more unifying theory of ecology. It is simpler in that it no longer requires convoluted explanations of altruistic behavior in terms of individual selection. It is more comprehensive by not constraining evolution to the selection of any single level of biological organization (genes, races, lineages, or groups). It unifies in that it bridges the boundaries between microbial ecology, evolutionary ecology and ecosystem ecology. The basis for this theory lies in recognizing that life consists of various forms of information (order) which evolve not only through genetic recombination and mutation, but also through the recombination of organisms within communities (as well as other mechanisms, some of which are considered beyond the realm of biology). It also involves setting aside the concept of evolution through selection and competition, in favor of evolution through proliferation and association.

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