Lectin histochemistry of oral premalignant and malignant lesions: Correlation of JFL and PNA binding pattern with tumour progression

The expression of glycoconjugates specific to Jack fruit lectin (JFL) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) in various clinicopathological stages of tumour progression in the oral mucosa were studied. These included various clinical forms of dysplastic and non-dysplastic oral leucoplakias, carcinomas, normal keratinising (gingiva) and non-keratinising (buccal mucosa) epithelia. It was seen that the binding patterns of PNA and JFL in the epithelial cells of various types of oral lesions were more or less similar. Normal non-keratinising epithelium showed mild membrane staining only in the spinal layers, while normal keratinising epithelium showed a moderate membrane staining and mild cytoplasmic staining in all layers. Moderate membrane and mild cytoplasmic staining were observed in leucoplakias, irrespective of various clinical or histological types. In carcinomas, the intensity of lectin binding was high, particularly in the membrane of differentiated cells. Correlation analysis of the binding pattern of PNA and JFL showed significant correlation in the membrane and cytoplasm of all layers with histological stages of tumour progression. The present study thus showed that PNA and JFL may be used as cytochemical probes in differentiating malignancy from benign lesions of the oral mucosa.