Will pathologists play as important a role in the future as they have in the past against the challenge of infectious diseases.

Since the recognition less than 120 years ago that organisms visible only microscopically are capable of causing human diseases, pathologists have played a major role in identifying and characterizing the etiologic infectious agents and in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms. In face of the opportunities and challenges presented by molecular technology, AIDS and other emerging infections, and the evolution of health care systems, it is worthwhile to question whether the field of pathology will continue in the future to make major contributions in the field of infectious diseases. The AIDS epidemic has awakened pathologists to the need to reemphasize infectious diseases in diagnostic anatomic and clinical pathology, basic and applied research, and medical and scientific education. The knowledge and skills of pathologists are uniquely critical to the achievement of efficient advances in infectious diseases, and will remain so provided that pathologists embrace molecular science and apply it as a principal component in their methodologic and conceptual armamentarium.