风险因素及其识别。第三部分:例子。

Diabete & metabolisme Pub Date : 1995-10-01
B Balkau, E Eschwege
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这是《糖尿病与代谢》系列三篇文章的最后一篇,该系列文章回顾了一种疾病的危险因素的识别,这里是糖尿病或糖尿病并发症。在本系列的第一篇文章[1]中,我们给出了危险因素的定义,以及其力相关风险和优势比的测量,随后给出了糖尿病、冠心病和高血压等疾病的流行病学定义。我们进一步讨论了风险因素,并通过对研究或分析中可能导致研究人员得出错误结论的偏见的一些观察来完成讨论。用于确定因素是否与疾病相关的三种类型的流行病学研究:观察性或横断面研究、队列研究和病例队列研究在本系列的第二部分中进行了描述[2]。给出了每种研究类型的实例,并讨论了它们的优缺点。最后,本文从文献中提供了一些研究类型和危险因素识别的例子。第一个例子涉及糖尿病和胰腺癌,第二个例子涉及出生体重和非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。在发现风险因素和疾病之间的联系后,我们接着讨论它是否可以被视为风险因素,如果是,它是否可能是疾病的原因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Risk factors and their identification. Third Part: Examples.

This is the final of a series of three articles in Diabete & Metabolisme which reviews the identification of risk factors of a disease, here: diabetes or complications of diabetes. In the first of the series [1], we gave the definition of a risk factor, along with measures of its force-relative risk and odds ratio, followed by the epidemiological definitions of the diseases: diabetes, coronary heart disease and hypertension. Risk factors were further discussed and we completed the discussion by some observations on the bias which can arise from a study or from its analysis, which can lead the researcher to the wrong conclusion. The three types of epidemiological studies which are used to determine whether factors are associated with a disease: observational or cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case-cohort studies are described in the second of the series [2]. Examples were provided of each of these study types and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. This final paper provides some examples of the study types and the identification of risk factors from the literature. The first examples involve diabetes and pancreatic cancer, the second birth weight and non-insulin dependent diabetes. Having found an association between a risk factor and a disease, we then discuss whether it can be considered to be a risk factor, and if so and whether it is likely to be a cause of the disease.

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