工业因素对阻塞性呼吸系统疾病病因的影响。对预防的影响]。

R Bollinelli, Y Rouch, M Refregier, B Doyon
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引用次数: 0

摘要

工业医学中职业病的统计数据以及工人中慢性支气管炎发病率的显著上升表明,与工业环境和工作条件有关的呼吸系统风险增加。对工业,特别是某些职业,如采矿业和建筑业的流行病学研究,使人们更好地了解这种工业风险是暴露工人中发生的额外阻塞性呼吸系统疾病的产生者。在未被认识到的风险中,长期暴露于能够影响气体交换的氮氧化物中,正如我们在氮肥生产中的一项调查所显示的那样,这解释了其机制。在工业医学中,应规划一种预防策略,一方面考虑个人风险并考虑个人和遗传因素,另一方面通过识别新的刺激物来监测呼吸风险,最后组织呼吸功能筛查,以早期发现肺功能障碍,采用比FEV1 (VEMS)更敏感的测试,其有效性应进行研究。首要任务是通过抑制有毒刺激物和改善工作条件进行初级预防。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Industrial factors in the etiology of obstructive respiratory diseases. Implications for prevention].

The statistics of occupational diseases in industrial medicine, as well as the markedly elevated incidence of chronic bronchitis amongst workers, show that there is an additional respiratory risk linked to industrial environment and the conditions of work. Epidemiological studies in industry and in particular certain occupations, such as mining and the construction industry have led to a better understanding of this industrial risk as a generator of the additional obstructive respiratory disease occurring in exposed workers. Among the unrecognised risks is the prolonged exposure to the oxides of nitrogen which are capable of affecting gas exchange, as has been shown in one of our investigations in the production of nitrogenous fertilizers, which explains the mechanism. In industrial medicine, a preventative strategy should be planned, on the one hand considering individual risks and taking account of personal and genetic factors, on the other hand monitoring of respiratory risks by the identification of new irritants and finally the organisation of respiratory function screening for the early detection of lung dysfunction, by more sensitive tests than the FEV1 (VEMS), whose validity should be studied. The priority is primary prevention by the suppression of toxic irritants and by the improvement of working conditions.

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