Jeffrey A. Gray, Nicola Davis, Joram Feldon, J. Nicholas, P. Rawlins, Susan R. Owen
{"title":"焦虑的动物模型","authors":"Jeffrey A. Gray, Nicola Davis, Joram Feldon, J. Nicholas, P. Rawlins, Susan R. Owen","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90064-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. A theory of anxiety and the psychological action of anti-anxiety drugs is presented, based (a) on a general theory of learning which postulates that emotional behaviour is the outcome of an interaction between two basic learning processes (classical and instrumental conditioning); and (b) on experiments on the behavioural effects of anti-anxiety drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol) in animals.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. The theory proposes that the effective stimuli for anxiety are stimuli associated with punishment, stimuli associated with frustrative non-reward, and novel stimuli; the behavioural consequences of anxiety are an inhibition of ongoing behaviour, increased arousal, and increased attention to novel features of the environment.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Physiological experiments suggest that the neural substrate of anxiety thus defined includes the septo-hippocampal system (SHS) and its monoaminergic inputs from the brain stem, especially the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle (DANB).</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. The SHS-DANB system is also concerned with aspects of the development of behavioural tolerance for non-reward or punishment; and the anti-anxiety drugs, under certain conditions, block the development of this tolerance.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90064-3","citationCount":"25","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Animal models of anxiety\",\"authors\":\"Jeffrey A. Gray, Nicola Davis, Joram Feldon, J. Nicholas, P. Rawlins, Susan R. Owen\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90064-3\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. A theory of anxiety and the psychological action of anti-anxiety drugs is presented, based (a) on a general theory of learning which postulates that emotional behaviour is the outcome of an interaction between two basic learning processes (classical and instrumental conditioning); and (b) on experiments on the behavioural effects of anti-anxiety drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol) in animals.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. The theory proposes that the effective stimuli for anxiety are stimuli associated with punishment, stimuli associated with frustrative non-reward, and novel stimuli; the behavioural consequences of anxiety are an inhibition of ongoing behaviour, increased arousal, and increased attention to novel features of the environment.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Physiological experiments suggest that the neural substrate of anxiety thus defined includes the septo-hippocampal system (SHS) and its monoaminergic inputs from the brain stem, especially the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle (DANB).</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. The SHS-DANB system is also concerned with aspects of the development of behavioural tolerance for non-reward or punishment; and the anti-anxiety drugs, under certain conditions, block the development of this tolerance.</p></span></li></ul></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20801,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1981-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90064-3\",\"citationCount\":\"25\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0364772281900643\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0364772281900643","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
1. A theory of anxiety and the psychological action of anti-anxiety drugs is presented, based (a) on a general theory of learning which postulates that emotional behaviour is the outcome of an interaction between two basic learning processes (classical and instrumental conditioning); and (b) on experiments on the behavioural effects of anti-anxiety drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol) in animals.
2.
2. The theory proposes that the effective stimuli for anxiety are stimuli associated with punishment, stimuli associated with frustrative non-reward, and novel stimuli; the behavioural consequences of anxiety are an inhibition of ongoing behaviour, increased arousal, and increased attention to novel features of the environment.
3.
3. Physiological experiments suggest that the neural substrate of anxiety thus defined includes the septo-hippocampal system (SHS) and its monoaminergic inputs from the brain stem, especially the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle (DANB).
4.
4. The SHS-DANB system is also concerned with aspects of the development of behavioural tolerance for non-reward or punishment; and the anti-anxiety drugs, under certain conditions, block the development of this tolerance.
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