Tax-Related Key Audit Matters and Changes in Multinational Income Shifting

ABSTRACT Key audit matters (KAMs) increase the salience of uncertainty surrounding the underlying accounts. We examine KAMs related to uncertain tax positions (UTPs), which highlight potential concerns to external stakeholders about uncertain tax planning activities such as multinational income shifting. Increased scrutiny may reduce the expected benefits of these strategies and discourage firms from pursuing them. Using KAM disclosures in the expanded audit reports, we find that group-level KAM disclosures are associated with a decline in multinational income shifting when the KAMs relate to UTPs. This relation is stronger when firms are financially unconstrained, when the institutional environment features strong tax enforcement, and when KAMs highlight specific risk statements and auditors provide explicit assurance. Overall, our findings reveal a novel and potentially unintended real effect of expanded audit reports: the salience of tax-related KAM disclosures influences multinational tax planning, highlighting broader consequences of this regulatory intervention. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: H25; H26; H40.