气候引起的水文气象灾害对印度妇女生殖和孕产妇健康的影响：对妇女生命各阶段基于性别的暴力行为的评估

IF 3.6

The journal of climate change and health Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-02 DOI:10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100630

Saif Nihal , Anjali Sharma , Amit Mitra , Soumya Swaminathan , Nitya Rao

{"title":"气候引起的水文气象灾害对印度妇女生殖和孕产妇健康的影响：对妇女生命各阶段基于性别的暴力行为的评估","authors":"Saif Nihal , Anjali Sharma , Amit Mitra , Soumya Swaminathan , Nitya Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100630","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Climate change, a global challenge with diverse manifestations, is often studied as a homogeneous phenomenon. Yet, different climate-change-induced hazards have differentiated implications for health system disruptions, social vulnerabilities, and reduced access to care. Understanding these links from a gendered perspective remains an urgent need. This study assesses the impacts of different hydro-meteorological hazards on gender-based violence (GBV) in India, identifying spatial hotspots where exposure converges with different forms of GBV. Our conceptualisation of GBV goes beyond traditional notions that focus on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) to include the violation of rights in terms of early marriage or reduced access to reproductive health services.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Data on exposure to extreme hydro-meteorological hazards and women’s wellbeing are obtained from India's Council on Energy, Environment, and Water (CEEW) and the fourth and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), respectively. Hotspots with high climate exposure and GBV were identified through geospatial analysis. The association between different hydro-meteorological hazards and GBV was determined through pooled logistic regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exposure to cyclones, a sudden-onset hazard, is associated with a higher likelihood of dropout from the minimum recommended Antenatal Care (60 %), while exposure to drought, a slow-onset hazard, is likely to increase dropouts by 38 % compared to non-exposure. The likely increase in intimate partner violence (IPV) is similar for drought (26 %) and cyclones (27 %). The impacts of floods are found to be lower on all indicators of GBV, with further in-depth studies of flood-affected areas needed to identify the causes. Districts in northern India are vulnerable to all types of GBV; however, some southern Indian districts are hotspots for girl child marriage and IPV.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study shows that the association of hydro-meteorological hazards with GBV varies according to the type of hazard and its potential impacts on economic and livelihood disruptions, displacement, stress, and gender norms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study indicates the need for hazard-specific targeted interventions from a gendered perspective, particularly in spatial hotspots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":75054,"journal":{"name":"The journal of climate change and health","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impacts of climate-induced hydro-meteorological hazards on women’s reproductive and maternal health in India: An assessment of gender-based violence across stages of women's lives\",\"authors\":\"Saif Nihal , Anjali Sharma , Amit Mitra , Soumya Swaminathan , Nitya Rao\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100630\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Climate change, a global challenge with diverse manifestations, is often studied as a homogeneous phenomenon. Yet, different climate-change-induced hazards have differentiated implications for health system disruptions, social vulnerabilities, and reduced access to care. Understanding these links from a gendered perspective remains an urgent need. This study assesses the impacts of different hydro-meteorological hazards on gender-based violence (GBV) in India, identifying spatial hotspots where exposure converges with different forms of GBV. Our conceptualisation of GBV goes beyond traditional notions that focus on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) to include the violation of rights in terms of early marriage or reduced access to reproductive health services.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Data on exposure to extreme hydro-meteorological hazards and women’s wellbeing are obtained from India's Council on Energy, Environment, and Water (CEEW) and the fourth and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), respectively. Hotspots with high climate exposure and GBV were identified through geospatial analysis. The association between different hydro-meteorological hazards and GBV was determined through pooled logistic regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exposure to cyclones, a sudden-onset hazard, is associated with a higher likelihood of dropout from the minimum recommended Antenatal Care (60 %), while exposure to drought, a slow-onset hazard, is likely to increase dropouts by 38 % compared to non-exposure. The likely increase in intimate partner violence (IPV) is similar for drought (26 %) and cyclones (27 %). The impacts of floods are found to be lower on all indicators of GBV, with further in-depth studies of flood-affected areas needed to identify the causes. Districts in northern India are vulnerable to all types of GBV; however, some southern Indian districts are hotspots for girl child marriage and IPV.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study shows that the association of hydro-meteorological hazards with GBV varies according to the type of hazard and its potential impacts on economic and livelihood disruptions, displacement, stress, and gender norms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study indicates the need for hazard-specific targeted interventions from a gendered perspective, particularly in spatial hotspots.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":75054,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"The journal of climate change and health\",\"volume\":\"28 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100630\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2026-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"The journal of climate change and health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667278225001294\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2026/5/2 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The journal of climate change and health","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667278225001294","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/5/2 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

摘要

气候变化是一种具有多种表现形式的全球性挑战，通常被视为一种同质现象进行研究。然而，不同的气候变化引起的危害对卫生系统中断、社会脆弱性和获得医疗服务的机会减少具有不同的影响。从性别角度理解这些联系仍然是一项迫切需要。本研究评估了印度不同水文气象灾害对基于性别的暴力（GBV）的影响，确定了暴露与不同形式的性别暴力汇合的空间热点。我们对性别暴力的概念超越了以亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）为重点的传统观念，包括早婚或减少获得生殖健康服务方面的侵犯权利。材料和方法分别从印度能源、环境和水资源委员会（CEEW）以及第四轮和第五轮全国家庭健康调查（NFHS）获得了关于遭受极端水文气象灾害和妇女福祉的数据。通过地理空间分析，确定了气候暴露和GBV高的热点地区。通过混合logistic回归分析确定了不同水文气象灾害与GBV的相关性。结果：暴露于突如其来的飓风灾害中，退出最低推荐产前护理的可能性较高（60%），而暴露于缓慢发生的干旱灾害中，与未暴露相比，退出率可能增加38%。亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）可能增加的情况与干旱（26%）和飓风（27%）相似。研究发现，洪水对性别暴力所有指标的影响都较低，需要进一步深入研究受洪水影响的地区，以确定原因。印度北部地区容易遭受各种类型的性别暴力；然而，印度南部的一些地区是女孩童婚和IPV的热点地区。本研究表明，水文气象灾害与性别暴力的关系因灾害类型及其对经济和生计中断、流离失所、压力和性别规范的潜在影响而异。结论该研究表明，需要从性别角度对灾害进行针对性干预，特别是在空间热点地区。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

查看原文本刊更多论文

Impacts of climate-induced hydro-meteorological hazards on women’s reproductive and maternal health in India: An assessment of gender-based violence across stages of women's lives

Introduction

Climate change, a global challenge with diverse manifestations, is often studied as a homogeneous phenomenon. Yet, different climate-change-induced hazards have differentiated implications for health system disruptions, social vulnerabilities, and reduced access to care. Understanding these links from a gendered perspective remains an urgent need. This study assesses the impacts of different hydro-meteorological hazards on gender-based violence (GBV) in India, identifying spatial hotspots where exposure converges with different forms of GBV. Our conceptualisation of GBV goes beyond traditional notions that focus on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) to include the violation of rights in terms of early marriage or reduced access to reproductive health services.

Materials and Methods

Data on exposure to extreme hydro-meteorological hazards and women’s wellbeing are obtained from India's Council on Energy, Environment, and Water (CEEW) and the fourth and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), respectively. Hotspots with high climate exposure and GBV were identified through geospatial analysis. The association between different hydro-meteorological hazards and GBV was determined through pooled logistic regression analysis.

Results

Exposure to cyclones, a sudden-onset hazard, is associated with a higher likelihood of dropout from the minimum recommended Antenatal Care (60 %), while exposure to drought, a slow-onset hazard, is likely to increase dropouts by 38 % compared to non-exposure. The likely increase in intimate partner violence (IPV) is similar for drought (26 %) and cyclones (27 %). The impacts of floods are found to be lower on all indicators of GBV, with further in-depth studies of flood-affected areas needed to identify the causes. Districts in northern India are vulnerable to all types of GBV; however, some southern Indian districts are hotspots for girl child marriage and IPV.

Discussion

This study shows that the association of hydro-meteorological hazards with GBV varies according to the type of hazard and its potential impacts on economic and livelihood disruptions, displacement, stress, and gender norms.