Qualitative analysis of the impact of palm and sesame oil on liver tissue health: can histology aid diagnosis?

Aim: The present study, by examining liver histopathology, provides valuable insights into the changes caused by palm oil and sesame oil.

Background: Plant-based foods are essential for liver health because they improve liver function and prevent disease. Palm oil can affect liver function and fat metabolism owing to its high saturated fat content, and its consumption can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may advance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Sesame has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that help to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver. Despite extensive research on the health effects of various oils, studies on liver histopathology are lacking.

Methods: In a controlled laboratory environment, 18 rats were divided into three groups and treated for 90 days with palm oil (15% w/w), sesame oil (7.5% w/w), or a control diet. Liver tissue was examined by histopathology, including hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson staining, as well as histomorphometric changes, such as sinusoid size and liver and body weight.

Results: The results obtained from tissue staining, examination of sinusoid size, and liver weight measurement showed that palm oil consumption led to liver damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, whereas sesame oil protected the liver.

Conclusion: Palm oil consumption should be limited as much as possible, and healthier alternatives, such as sesame oil, should be considered.