A. Yu. Tsivadze, A. S. Oryshchenko, V. I. Zhilov, G. V. Kostikova, A. A. Bezdomnikov, V. E. Sharov, Yu. G. Pokrovskii, A. D. Kashtanov
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Modern Approaches to the Processing of Used Lithium-Ion Batteries
This brief review considers the main approaches to the processing of used lithium-ion batteries. A description of the initial raw materials depending on the elemental composition of the cathode material is presented. The main currently developed methods of processing of batteries—namely, pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct processing—are briefly described. A hydrometallurgical method is recognized as the most optimum one. A description of the main process stages, namely, stages of preliminary treatment of batteries, alkaline treatment of the fine fraction that is a mixture of the anode and cathode materials, acidic leaching of the cathode material, and subsequent processing of the leaching product to isolate individual valuable components from it is presented for the said process.
期刊介绍：
Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes articles covering all aspects of the physical chemistry of materials and interfaces in various environments. The journal covers all related problems of modern physical chemistry and materials science, including: physicochemical processes at interfaces; adsorption phenomena; complexing from molecular and supramolecular structures at the interfaces to new substances, materials and coatings; nanoscale and nanostructured materials and coatings, composed and dispersed materials; physicochemical problems of corrosion, degradation and protection; investigation methods for surface and interface systems, processes, structures, materials and coatings. No principe restrictions exist related systems, types of processes, methods of control and study. The journal welcomes conceptual, theoretical, experimental, methodological, instrumental, environmental, and all other possible studies.
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