Catecholamine anesthetic interaction in ENT surgery.

There are many crucial facets of catecholamine-volatile anesthetic interactions of which the anesthesiologist must be aware. Although still basically an excellent guideline, the recommendations originally forwarded by Katz and Katz cannot completely guide clinical actions. Many modifiers are now present, the knowledge of which will allow the anesthesiologist to provide optimum surgical conditions while still assuring maximum patient safety; the latter of which is our primary charge in the operating room.