{"title":"尼泊尔加德满都临床、河水和家禽样本中分离细菌的抗生素耐药性和β-内酰胺耐药基因","authors":"Upendra Thapa Shrestha, Manash Shrestha, Nabaraj Shrestha, Komal Raj Rijal, Megha Raj Banjara","doi":"10.1093/jacamr/dlaf186","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the antibiotic resistance and beta-lactam resistance genes among bacterial isolates from clinical, river water and poultry samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were isolated from clinical, poultry and river water samples collected during 2020-22. They were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests following the CLSI guidelines. The bacteria were screened for β-lactam resistance genes <i>bla</i> <sub>TEM</sub>, <i>mcr-1</i>, <i>mecA</i> and <i>bla<sub>NDM-1</sub></i> .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2835 clinical samples, <i>E. coli</i> was the most frequently isolated bacterium (10.3%, 292), followed by <i>S. aureus</i> (6.0%, 169) and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (4.0%, 143). Of the <i>E. coli</i> isolates, 64.4% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) and 43.8% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, with 44.5% and 16.4% harbouring the <i>blaTEM</i> and <i>mcr-1</i> genes, respectively. Among <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 80.9% of methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) carried the <i>mecA</i> gene, while 30.1% of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were positive for the <i>blaNDM-1</i> gene. In poultry samples, 30.4% of <i>E. coli</i> isolates harboured the <i>blaTEM</i> gene among 128 ESBL producers, and the prevalence of colistin-resistant isolates carrying <i>mcr-1</i> was higher than in clinical samples. In contrast, the occurrence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> and MRSA, along with their associated resistance genes, was lower in water samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated widespread multidrug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production among clinical, poultry and river water bacterial isolates in the Kathmandu valley. Colistin-resistant <i>E. coli</i> carrying the <i>mcr-1</i> gene, methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) with mecA and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> harboring <i>blaNDM-1</i> were detected across sources. These findings emphasize an urgent One Health approach to curb the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":14594,"journal":{"name":"JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance","volume":"7 5","pages":"dlaf186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12531798/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Antibiotic resistance and β-lactam resistant genes among bacterial isolates from clinical, river water and poultry samples from Kathmandu, Nepal.\",\"authors\":\"Upendra Thapa Shrestha, Manash Shrestha, Nabaraj Shrestha, Komal Raj Rijal, Megha Raj Banjara\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/jacamr/dlaf186\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the antibiotic resistance and beta-lactam resistance genes among bacterial isolates from clinical, river water and poultry samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were isolated from clinical, poultry and river water samples collected during 2020-22. They were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests following the CLSI guidelines. The bacteria were screened for β-lactam resistance genes <i>bla</i> <sub>TEM</sub>, <i>mcr-1</i>, <i>mecA</i> and <i>bla<sub>NDM-1</sub></i> .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2835 clinical samples, <i>E. coli</i> was the most frequently isolated bacterium (10.3%, 292), followed by <i>S. aureus</i> (6.0%, 169) and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (4.0%, 143). Of the <i>E. coli</i> isolates, 64.4% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) and 43.8% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, with 44.5% and 16.4% harbouring the <i>blaTEM</i> and <i>mcr-1</i> genes, respectively. Among <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 80.9% of methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) carried the <i>mecA</i> gene, while 30.1% of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were positive for the <i>blaNDM-1</i> gene. In poultry samples, 30.4% of <i>E. coli</i> isolates harboured the <i>blaTEM</i> gene among 128 ESBL producers, and the prevalence of colistin-resistant isolates carrying <i>mcr-1</i> was higher than in clinical samples. In contrast, the occurrence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> and MRSA, along with their associated resistance genes, was lower in water samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated widespread multidrug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production among clinical, poultry and river water bacterial isolates in the Kathmandu valley. Colistin-resistant <i>E. coli</i> carrying the <i>mcr-1</i> gene, methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) with mecA and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> harboring <i>blaNDM-1</i> were detected across sources. These findings emphasize an urgent One Health approach to curb the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in the region.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14594,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance\",\"volume\":\"7 5\",\"pages\":\"dlaf186\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12531798/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlaf186\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/10/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlaf186","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/10/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：评价临床、河水和家禽分离的细菌对抗生素的耐药性和对β -内酰胺的耐药基因。方法：从2020- 2022年采集的临床、家禽和河流水样中分离金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。他们按照CLSI指南进行了抗菌药物敏感性试验。筛选β-内酰胺耐药基因bla TEM、mcr-1、mecA和blaNDM-1。结果：2835份临床样本中，大肠杆菌的分离率最高（10.3%，292份），其次是金黄色葡萄球菌（6.0%，169份）和铜绿假单胞菌（4.0%，143份）。64.4%的菌株具有多药耐药（MDR）， 43.8%的菌株具有广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）产生菌，其中44.5%的菌株携带blaTEM基因，16.4%的菌株携带mcr-1基因。在金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中，80.9%的耐甲氧西林菌株（MRSA）携带mecA基因，30.1%的产金属β-内酰胺酶（MBL） P. aeruginosa携带blaNDM-1基因。在家禽样本中，在128个ESBL生产者中，30.4%的大肠杆菌分离株携带blaTEM基因，携带mcr-1的耐粘菌素分离株的患病率高于临床样本。相比之下，水样中产生esbl的大肠杆菌和MRSA及其相关耐药基因的发生率较低。结论：该研究表明加德满都山谷的临床、家禽和河水分离细菌中广泛存在多药耐药（MDR）和ESBL产生。携带mcr-1基因的耐粘菌素大肠杆菌，携带mecA的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和携带blaNDM-1基因的产生金属β-内酰胺酶（MBL）的铜绿假单胞菌（P. aeruginosa）在不同来源均被检测到。这些发现强调，迫切需要采取“同一个健康”方针来遏制该地区日益严重的抗菌素耐药性威胁。
Antibiotic resistance and β-lactam resistant genes among bacterial isolates from clinical, river water and poultry samples from Kathmandu, Nepal.
Objective: To assess the antibiotic resistance and beta-lactam resistance genes among bacterial isolates from clinical, river water and poultry samples.
Methods: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from clinical, poultry and river water samples collected during 2020-22. They were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests following the CLSI guidelines. The bacteria were screened for β-lactam resistance genes blaTEM, mcr-1, mecA and blaNDM-1 .
Results: Among 2835 clinical samples, E. coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium (10.3%, 292), followed by S. aureus (6.0%, 169) and P. aeruginosa (4.0%, 143). Of the E. coli isolates, 64.4% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) and 43.8% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, with 44.5% and 16.4% harbouring the blaTEM and mcr-1 genes, respectively. Among S. aureus isolates, 80.9% of methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) carried the mecA gene, while 30.1% of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing P. aeruginosa were positive for the blaNDM-1 gene. In poultry samples, 30.4% of E. coli isolates harboured the blaTEM gene among 128 ESBL producers, and the prevalence of colistin-resistant isolates carrying mcr-1 was higher than in clinical samples. In contrast, the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli and MRSA, along with their associated resistance genes, was lower in water samples.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated widespread multidrug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production among clinical, poultry and river water bacterial isolates in the Kathmandu valley. Colistin-resistant E. coli carrying the mcr-1 gene, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with mecA and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing P. aeruginosa harboring blaNDM-1 were detected across sources. These findings emphasize an urgent One Health approach to curb the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in the region.
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