Conception and fertility: A survey examining the practices, attitudes, and knowledge of reproductive-age Greek women.

Introduction: There is a growing global concern about contemporary behavior regarding fertility and fertility awareness. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding conception and fertility among Greek women of reproductive age.

Methods: An online survey of Greek women (aged 18-40 years) was conducted. The questionnaire included 57 questions regarding childbearing intention, knowledge about fertility, aging, ovulation, sources of information about fertility, attitudes and knowledge regarding assisted reproductive techniques (ART).

Results: The survey included 817 women (aged 18-25 years: 33.2%, 26-30 years: 24.8%, 31-35 years: 18%, and 36-40 years: 24%). The participants were married (24.7%) or in a stable relationship (38.3%); 90.1% intended to have children. Regarding knowledge related to fertility, 59.5% of the responses were correct, 19.3% incorrect and 21.2% were 'unaware'. The average score was 19.6 ± 4.8 (range: 0-32). High fertility awareness was recorded for the topic 'how woman's aging affects conception and pregnancy' (73.7%). Moderate and low fertility awareness was recorded for the topics 'ovulation, folic acid and conception' (51.5%) and 'how man's aging affects conception and pregnancy' (38.7%), respectively. Regarding attitudes and practices, 59.1% reported intention to undergo ART if they failed to achieve pregnancy, and 53.4% had never discussed fertility problems with a healthcare professional.

Conclusions: The knowledge of Greek women aged 18-40 years regarding reproductive health and conception is moderate to high. Significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions were identified in certain fertility topics. Central planning on fertility education in Greece is needed to improve fertility awareness.