年轻人每日饮食摄入轨迹与抑郁症状发生和转变之间的关系：一项纵向研究。

IF 8.3 1区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

BMC Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI:10.1186/s12916-025-04401-7

Hao Chen, Yi Zeng, Jie Qian, Weiqiang Zhou, Jingyun Ding, Hong Peng, Zhu Ai, Haihong Qian, Yingnan Jia

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景：关于年轻人长期饮食监测的信息很少。我们研究了28个月的饮食摄入轨迹与抑郁症状的发生和转变之间的关系。方法：使用来自上海智能点餐系统（IOS）的完整每日用餐记录（2021年9月- 2023年12月；n = 6,447），我们通过两次贝克抑郁量表- ii (BDI-II)，每隔24个月（2022年和2024年）对18-40岁的年轻人进行抑郁症状测量之前的饮食暴露进行前瞻性评估。基于群体的多轨迹模型（GBMTs）确定了28种营养素和15种食物成分的月度饮食轨迹（分类为慢性推荐、慢性高/低或波动）。多变量逻辑回归评估与抑郁症状发作/过渡的关系。结果：在6447名青壮年中，抑郁症状发生率为9.7%，抑郁症状改善和进展发生率分别为59.1%和12.52%。某些营养和食物成分轨迹与较低的抑郁症状发作风险相关，包括长期高摄入碳水化合物、蛋白质、钠、油和酱，以及长期低摄入饱和脂肪酸（sfa）。相比之下，不推荐的锌、精制谷物和浅色蔬菜的轨迹与更高的发病风险有关。值得注意的是，一些轨迹（如高脂肪、高钾）显示出双重关联：它们与抑郁症状改善的更高机会相关，但也与进展风险升高相关。结论：某些营养素和饮食模式对抑郁症状的发作具有保护作用，而非推荐的轨迹则增加了风险。一些模式改善了症状，但增加了进展风险。营养医学方法可能有利于预防和促进年轻人的抑郁症。

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Association between daily dietary intake trajectory and depressive symptom onset and transition among young adults: a longitudinal study.

Background: Little information is available on long-term dietary monitoring among young adults. We examined the associations between 28-month dietary intake trajectories and depressive symptom onset and transition.

Methods: Using complete daily dining records from Shanghai's Intelligent Ordering System (IOS) (September 2021-December 2023; n = 6,447), we prospectively assessed dietary exposures prior to measuring depressive symptoms through two Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) administrations at 24-month intervals (2022 and 2024) in young adults aged 18-40 years. Group-based multi-trajectory models (GBMTs) identified monthly dietary trajectories (classified as Chronic Recommended, Chronic High/Low, or Fluctuating) for 28 nutrients and 15 food components. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations with depressive symptom onset/transition.

Results: Among 6447 young adults, depressive symptom incidence was 9.7%, whereas depressive symptom improvement and progression incidences were 59.1% and 12.52%, respectively. Certain nutrient and food component trajectories were associated with lower depressive symptom onset risk, including chronic higher intake of carbohydrates, protein, sodium, oil, and sauce, and chronic lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs). In contrast, non-recommended trajectories of zinc, refined grains, and light-colored vegetables were linked to higher onset risk. Notably, some trajectories (e.g., high fat, potassium) showed dual associations: they correlated with higher chances of depressive symptom improvement but also elevated progression risk.

Conclusions: Certain nutrients and dietary patterns showed protective effects against depressive symptom onset, while non-recommended trajectories increased the risk. Some patterns improved symptoms but increased progression risk. The nutritional medicine approach may be beneficial for preventing and promoting depression in young adults.

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来源期刊

BMC Medicine 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

13.10

自引率

1.10%

发文量

435

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： BMC Medicine is an open access, transparent peer-reviewed general medical journal. It is the flagship journal of the BMC series and publishes outstanding and influential research in various areas including clinical practice, translational medicine, medical and health advances, public health, global health, policy, and general topics of interest to the biomedical and sociomedical professional communities. In addition to research articles, the journal also publishes stimulating debates, reviews, unique forum articles, and concise tutorials. All articles published in BMC Medicine are included in various databases such as Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS, CAS, Citebase, Current contents, DOAJ, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, OAIster, SCImago, Scopus, SOCOLAR, and Zetoc.