种植本地作物造成的遗传污染:栽培和野生独角蜂(蜜丛)之间的花粉流

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Kirsten Shaw-Bonner , Genevieve Theron , Opeyemi Adedoja , Cecilia Bester , Sjirk Geerts
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于在本地种植作物而造成的遗传污染已成为自然保护和农业等方面关注的问题。杂交种的形成对野生种群有负面的进化影响,对农业有选择性育种影响。为了解决这些问题,我们研究了野生蜜丛和栽培蜜丛之间的基因流动。(豆科)——在全球茶叶产业中具有商业价值。通过遗传数据,可以间接估计花粉的运动,但需要关于传粉者飞行距离的补充数据来验证这一点。本文采用放射线标记法和放射线标记法研究了栽培独眼花和野生独眼花的传粉者木蜂在花间的运动。手工授粉实验确定了栽培种群和野生种群的物种内部和物种之间的杂交是否能产生可行的后代。在单次觅食过程中,木蜂在栽培和野生独眼蜂之间不分青红皂白地觅食,觅食距离超过1公里,范围可达24 000平方米。手工杂交实验结果表明,地下金缕草与金缕草、地下金缕草与黄斑金缕草均可产生有活力的杂交种子。考虑到传粉者的传粉距离、独角羚花粉的寿命以及杂交植物的形成能力,可能会有一些基因通过花粉在栽培和野生独角羚植物之间的传递而流动。为了最大限度地减少遗传同质化和随后的独特物种和等位基因的损失,迫切需要制定一项指导独角羚安全种植距离的方案,指导独角羚物种在其原生范围外的农业迁移的影响,以及详细的倍性研究,以指导在原生范围内种植本地作物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Genetic contamination by farming indigenous crops in the native range: Pollen flow between cultivated and wild Cyclopia (honeybush)
Genetic contamination through the cultivation of indigenous crops in their native range has become a concern for nature conservation and agriculture alike. The formation of hybrids has negative evolutionary consequences for wild populations and selective breeding consequences for agriculture. To address some of these questions, we investigate gene flow between wild populations and cultivated honeybush – genus Cyclopia Vent. (Fabaceae) – which has commercial value in the tea industry globally. Through genetic data, pollen movement can indirectly be estimated, but complementary data on pollinator flight distances is necessary to validate this. Movement between flowers of cultivated and wild Cyclopia by the only pollinators, Xylocopa bees, was investigated using mark-release-recapture and radio-tagging. Hand-pollination experiments established whether crosses within and between species from cultivated and wild populations can produce viable offspring. Xylocopa bees forage indiscriminately between cultivated and wild Cyclopia during single foraging bouts with a foraging distance over one kilometre and a range covering up to ∼24 000 m2. Crossing experiments done by hand showed that viable hybrid seeds can be produced between C. subternata and C. genistoides as well as between C. subternata and C. maculata. Considering the distances moved by the pollinators, longevity of Cyclopia pollen, and the ability of hybrid plants to form, some gene flow through pollen transfer between cultivated and wild Cyclopia plants is likely. To minimize genetic homogenization and the subsequent loss of unique species and alleles, a protocol guiding safe Cyclopia planting distances, effect of Cyclopia species movement outside of their native range for agriculture, and detailed ploidy studies are urgently needed to guide cultivation of indigenous crops in the native range.
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来源期刊
Journal for Nature Conservation
Journal for Nature Conservation 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
5.00%
发文量
151
审稿时长
7.9 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal for Nature Conservation addresses concepts, methods and techniques for nature conservation. This international and interdisciplinary journal encourages collaboration between scientists and practitioners, including the integration of biodiversity issues with social and economic concepts. Therefore, conceptual, technical and methodological papers, as well as reviews, research papers, and short communications are welcomed from a wide range of disciplines, including theoretical ecology, landscape ecology, restoration ecology, ecological modelling, and others, provided that there is a clear connection and immediate relevance to nature conservation. Manuscripts without any immediate conservation context, such as inventories, distribution modelling, genetic studies, animal behaviour, plant physiology, will not be considered for this journal; though such data may be useful for conservationists and managers in the future, this is outside of the current scope of the journal.
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