{"title":"种植本地作物造成的遗传污染:栽培和野生独角蜂(蜜丛)之间的花粉流","authors":"Kirsten Shaw-Bonner , Genevieve Theron , Opeyemi Adedoja , Cecilia Bester , Sjirk Geerts","doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127119","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic contamination through the cultivation of indigenous crops in their native range has become a concern for nature conservation and agriculture alike. The formation of hybrids has negative evolutionary consequences for wild populations and selective breeding consequences for agriculture. To address some of these questions, we investigate gene flow between wild populations and cultivated honeybush – genus <em>Cyclopia</em> Vent. (Fabaceae) – which has commercial value in the tea industry globally. Through genetic data, pollen movement can indirectly be estimated, but complementary data on pollinator flight distances is necessary to validate this. Movement between flowers of cultivated and wild <em>Cyclopia</em> by the only pollinators, <em>Xylocopa</em> bees, was investigated using mark-release-recapture and radio-tagging. Hand-pollination experiments established whether crosses within and between species from cultivated and wild populations can produce viable offspring. <em>Xylocopa</em> bees forage indiscriminately between cultivated and wild <em>Cyclopia</em> during single foraging bouts with a foraging distance over one kilometre and a range covering up to ∼24 000 m<sup>2</sup>. Crossing experiments done by hand showed that viable hybrid seeds can be produced between <em>C. subternata</em> and <em>C. genistoides</em> as well as between <em>C. subternata</em> and <em>C. maculata</em>. Considering the distances moved by the pollinators, longevity of <em>Cyclopia</em> pollen, and the ability of hybrid plants to form, some gene flow through pollen transfer between cultivated and wild <em>Cyclopia</em> plants is likely. To minimize genetic homogenization and the subsequent loss of unique species and alleles, a protocol guiding safe <em>Cyclopia</em> planting distances, effect of <em>Cyclopia</em> species movement outside of their native range for agriculture, and detailed ploidy studies are urgently needed to guide cultivation of indigenous crops in the native range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54898,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Nature Conservation","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 127119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Genetic contamination by farming indigenous crops in the native range: Pollen flow between cultivated and wild Cyclopia (honeybush)\",\"authors\":\"Kirsten Shaw-Bonner , Genevieve Theron , Opeyemi Adedoja , Cecilia Bester , Sjirk Geerts\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127119\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Genetic contamination through the cultivation of indigenous crops in their native range has become a concern for nature conservation and agriculture alike. The formation of hybrids has negative evolutionary consequences for wild populations and selective breeding consequences for agriculture. To address some of these questions, we investigate gene flow between wild populations and cultivated honeybush – genus <em>Cyclopia</em> Vent. (Fabaceae) – which has commercial value in the tea industry globally. Through genetic data, pollen movement can indirectly be estimated, but complementary data on pollinator flight distances is necessary to validate this. Movement between flowers of cultivated and wild <em>Cyclopia</em> by the only pollinators, <em>Xylocopa</em> bees, was investigated using mark-release-recapture and radio-tagging. Hand-pollination experiments established whether crosses within and between species from cultivated and wild populations can produce viable offspring. <em>Xylocopa</em> bees forage indiscriminately between cultivated and wild <em>Cyclopia</em> during single foraging bouts with a foraging distance over one kilometre and a range covering up to ∼24 000 m<sup>2</sup>. Crossing experiments done by hand showed that viable hybrid seeds can be produced between <em>C. subternata</em> and <em>C. genistoides</em> as well as between <em>C. subternata</em> and <em>C. maculata</em>. Considering the distances moved by the pollinators, longevity of <em>Cyclopia</em> pollen, and the ability of hybrid plants to form, some gene flow through pollen transfer between cultivated and wild <em>Cyclopia</em> plants is likely. To minimize genetic homogenization and the subsequent loss of unique species and alleles, a protocol guiding safe <em>Cyclopia</em> planting distances, effect of <em>Cyclopia</em> species movement outside of their native range for agriculture, and detailed ploidy studies are urgently needed to guide cultivation of indigenous crops in the native range.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54898,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal for Nature Conservation\",\"volume\":\"89 \",\"pages\":\"Article 127119\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal for Nature Conservation\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138125002961\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal for Nature Conservation","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138125002961","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic contamination by farming indigenous crops in the native range: Pollen flow between cultivated and wild Cyclopia (honeybush)
Genetic contamination through the cultivation of indigenous crops in their native range has become a concern for nature conservation and agriculture alike. The formation of hybrids has negative evolutionary consequences for wild populations and selective breeding consequences for agriculture. To address some of these questions, we investigate gene flow between wild populations and cultivated honeybush – genus Cyclopia Vent. (Fabaceae) – which has commercial value in the tea industry globally. Through genetic data, pollen movement can indirectly be estimated, but complementary data on pollinator flight distances is necessary to validate this. Movement between flowers of cultivated and wild Cyclopia by the only pollinators, Xylocopa bees, was investigated using mark-release-recapture and radio-tagging. Hand-pollination experiments established whether crosses within and between species from cultivated and wild populations can produce viable offspring. Xylocopa bees forage indiscriminately between cultivated and wild Cyclopia during single foraging bouts with a foraging distance over one kilometre and a range covering up to ∼24 000 m2. Crossing experiments done by hand showed that viable hybrid seeds can be produced between C. subternata and C. genistoides as well as between C. subternata and C. maculata. Considering the distances moved by the pollinators, longevity of Cyclopia pollen, and the ability of hybrid plants to form, some gene flow through pollen transfer between cultivated and wild Cyclopia plants is likely. To minimize genetic homogenization and the subsequent loss of unique species and alleles, a protocol guiding safe Cyclopia planting distances, effect of Cyclopia species movement outside of their native range for agriculture, and detailed ploidy studies are urgently needed to guide cultivation of indigenous crops in the native range.
期刊介绍:
The Journal for Nature Conservation addresses concepts, methods and techniques for nature conservation. This international and interdisciplinary journal encourages collaboration between scientists and practitioners, including the integration of biodiversity issues with social and economic concepts. Therefore, conceptual, technical and methodological papers, as well as reviews, research papers, and short communications are welcomed from a wide range of disciplines, including theoretical ecology, landscape ecology, restoration ecology, ecological modelling, and others, provided that there is a clear connection and immediate relevance to nature conservation.
Manuscripts without any immediate conservation context, such as inventories, distribution modelling, genetic studies, animal behaviour, plant physiology, will not be considered for this journal; though such data may be useful for conservationists and managers in the future, this is outside of the current scope of the journal.