Jamming transition in intelligent driver model integrating fault-tolerant control to counteract cyber-attacks within cellular vehicle-to-everything environments

In the ‘vehicle-road-cloud’ (VRC) architecture, roadside units (RSUs) and on-board units (OBUs) remain acutely vulnerable to diverse cyber-attack threats within the cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) environment. Recognizing the profound impact of potential cyber-attacks on RSUs and OBUs within this VRC framework, we crafted an intelligent driving model explicitly incorporating the detrimental effects of such attacks on these critical components for connected automated vehicles (CAVs). Furthermore, we implemented a specialized fault-tolerant control method designed for robust safety compensation to resist cyber-attacks in the C-V2X context. Through rigorous linear stability analysis, we deduced precise stability conditions pertaining to fault-tolerant control to boycott cyber-attacks, which indicates that cyber-attacks have disrupted the stability of CAVs, while fault-tolerant control effectively suppresses the negative impact of cyber-attacks. Additionally, Simulation results starkly reveal that cyber-attacks severely compromise traffic safety; denial-of-service (DoS) attacks prove especially detrimental to connected vehicle security. Crucially, the safety compensation fault-tolerant control method dramatically mitigates the destabilizing fluctuations induced by cyber-attacks, highlighting its indispensable contribution to enhanced traffic safety.