{"title":"中国中老年人疼痛模式：潜在分类分析。","authors":"Changsen Zhu, Yiyi Xu, Zhenping Lin, Weibang Xu, Zhuoming Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40122-025-00775-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic pain is a leading global cause of disability in aging populations, yet pain distribution patterns among middle-aged and older adults in China remain uncharacterized. Using latent class analysis (LCA), this study identified distinct pain location patterns and their associations with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and functional limitations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of 9544 participants from the CHARLS 2020 database was conducted. LCA categorized pain patterns, and multivariate logistic regression examined influencing factors and associations with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and activities of daily living (ADL) impairment. Model fit was optimized via AIC/BIC and entropy/posterior probabilities (> 0.8).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct categories were identified: the broad pain group (n = 935, 9.8%), the shoulder-low back pain group (n = 2426, 25.4%), the lower limb pain group (n = 2568, 26.9%), and the head-neck-stomach pain group (n = 3615, 37.9%). The analysis revealed significant associations between pain location patterns and variables such as sex, income, and the presence of multiple comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, stomach disease, cancer, asthma, chronic lung disease, stroke, kidney disease, arthritis, mood disorders, Parkinson's disease, and memory-related diseases. In addition, the broad pain group showed stronger associations with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and ADL difficulties (including BADL difficulties and IADL difficulties), and the lower limb pain group was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of ADL impairment than the head-neck-stomach pain group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pain patterns in Chinese adults ≥ 45 years reflect distinct phenotypes with differential health risks. The broad pain group warrants comprehensive intervention targeting pain, cognition, mood, and function. Lower limb pain requires prioritized mobility preservation strategies. Findings support phenotype-specific pain management to reduce disability burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19908,"journal":{"name":"Pain and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Patterns of Pain in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Latent Class Analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Changsen Zhu, Yiyi Xu, Zhenping Lin, Weibang Xu, Zhuoming Chen\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s40122-025-00775-x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic pain is a leading global cause of disability in aging populations, yet pain distribution patterns among middle-aged and older adults in China remain uncharacterized. Using latent class analysis (LCA), this study identified distinct pain location patterns and their associations with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and functional limitations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of 9544 participants from the CHARLS 2020 database was conducted. LCA categorized pain patterns, and multivariate logistic regression examined influencing factors and associations with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and activities of daily living (ADL) impairment. Model fit was optimized via AIC/BIC and entropy/posterior probabilities (> 0.8).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct categories were identified: the broad pain group (n = 935, 9.8%), the shoulder-low back pain group (n = 2426, 25.4%), the lower limb pain group (n = 2568, 26.9%), and the head-neck-stomach pain group (n = 3615, 37.9%). The analysis revealed significant associations between pain location patterns and variables such as sex, income, and the presence of multiple comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, stomach disease, cancer, asthma, chronic lung disease, stroke, kidney disease, arthritis, mood disorders, Parkinson's disease, and memory-related diseases. In addition, the broad pain group showed stronger associations with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and ADL difficulties (including BADL difficulties and IADL difficulties), and the lower limb pain group was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of ADL impairment than the head-neck-stomach pain group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pain patterns in Chinese adults ≥ 45 years reflect distinct phenotypes with differential health risks. The broad pain group warrants comprehensive intervention targeting pain, cognition, mood, and function. Lower limb pain requires prioritized mobility preservation strategies. Findings support phenotype-specific pain management to reduce disability burden.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19908,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Pain and Therapy\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Pain and Therapy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-025-00775-x\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pain and Therapy","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-025-00775-x","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Patterns of Pain in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Latent Class Analysis.
Introduction: Chronic pain is a leading global cause of disability in aging populations, yet pain distribution patterns among middle-aged and older adults in China remain uncharacterized. Using latent class analysis (LCA), this study identified distinct pain location patterns and their associations with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and functional limitations.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 9544 participants from the CHARLS 2020 database was conducted. LCA categorized pain patterns, and multivariate logistic regression examined influencing factors and associations with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and activities of daily living (ADL) impairment. Model fit was optimized via AIC/BIC and entropy/posterior probabilities (> 0.8).
Results: Four distinct categories were identified: the broad pain group (n = 935, 9.8%), the shoulder-low back pain group (n = 2426, 25.4%), the lower limb pain group (n = 2568, 26.9%), and the head-neck-stomach pain group (n = 3615, 37.9%). The analysis revealed significant associations between pain location patterns and variables such as sex, income, and the presence of multiple comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, stomach disease, cancer, asthma, chronic lung disease, stroke, kidney disease, arthritis, mood disorders, Parkinson's disease, and memory-related diseases. In addition, the broad pain group showed stronger associations with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and ADL difficulties (including BADL difficulties and IADL difficulties), and the lower limb pain group was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of ADL impairment than the head-neck-stomach pain group.
Conclusions: Pain patterns in Chinese adults ≥ 45 years reflect distinct phenotypes with differential health risks. The broad pain group warrants comprehensive intervention targeting pain, cognition, mood, and function. Lower limb pain requires prioritized mobility preservation strategies. Findings support phenotype-specific pain management to reduce disability burden.
期刊介绍：
Pain and Therapy is an international, open access, peer-reviewed, rapid publication journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality clinical (all phases), observational, real-world, and health outcomes research around the discovery, development, and use of pain therapies and pain-related devices. Studies relating to diagnosis, pharmacoeconomics, public health, quality of life, and patient care, management, and education are also encouraged.
Areas of focus include, but are not limited to, acute pain, cancer pain, chronic pain, headache and migraine, neuropathic pain, opioids, palliative care and pain ethics, peri- and post-operative pain as well as rheumatic pain and fibromyalgia.
The journal is of interest to a broad audience of pharmaceutical and healthcare professionals and publishes original research, reviews, case reports, trial protocols, short communications such as commentaries and editorials, and letters. The journal is read by a global audience and receives submissions from around the world. Pain and Therapy will consider all scientifically sound research be it positive, confirmatory or negative data. Submissions are welcomed whether they relate to an international and/or a country-specific audience, something that is crucially important when researchers are trying to target more specific patient populations. This inclusive approach allows the journal to assist in the dissemination of all scientifically and ethically sound research.
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