{"title":"回顾眼球运动的代价","authors":"Alexander C. Schütz, Emma E. M. Stewart","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00481-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make and are often considered to be low cost because they have low metabolic costs. Thus, research has primarily focused on how eye movements are controlled by gains in reward or information. However, many observable parameters of eye movements are also influenced by costs (including opportunity costs and costs for planning and execution). These gains and costs therefore have to be weighed to maximize the utility of eye movements. It is challenging to pinpoint specific costs because, unlike benefits, costs cannot be observed and manipulated directly and have to be inferred. In this Review, we integrate evidence for various costs of eye movements, discussing the considerations for movement dynamics, timing and spatial control of saccadic eye movements. We also discuss the costs involved in sequences of saccades and outline challenges for future research. Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make. In this Review, Schütz and Stewart integrate evidence regarding the costs of eye movements and discuss considerations for movement dynamics, timing and the spatial control of saccades.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 10","pages":"625-638"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A review of the costs of eye movements\",\"authors\":\"Alexander C. Schütz, Emma E. M. Stewart\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s44159-025-00481-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make and are often considered to be low cost because they have low metabolic costs. Thus, research has primarily focused on how eye movements are controlled by gains in reward or information. However, many observable parameters of eye movements are also influenced by costs (including opportunity costs and costs for planning and execution). These gains and costs therefore have to be weighed to maximize the utility of eye movements. It is challenging to pinpoint specific costs because, unlike benefits, costs cannot be observed and manipulated directly and have to be inferred. In this Review, we integrate evidence for various costs of eye movements, discussing the considerations for movement dynamics, timing and spatial control of saccadic eye movements. We also discuss the costs involved in sequences of saccades and outline challenges for future research. Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make. In this Review, Schütz and Stewart integrate evidence regarding the costs of eye movements and discuss considerations for movement dynamics, timing and the spatial control of saccades.\",\"PeriodicalId\":74249,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nature reviews psychology\",\"volume\":\"4 10\",\"pages\":\"625-638\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":21.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nature reviews psychology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-025-00481-7\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nature reviews psychology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-025-00481-7","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make and are often considered to be low cost because they have low metabolic costs. Thus, research has primarily focused on how eye movements are controlled by gains in reward or information. However, many observable parameters of eye movements are also influenced by costs (including opportunity costs and costs for planning and execution). These gains and costs therefore have to be weighed to maximize the utility of eye movements. It is challenging to pinpoint specific costs because, unlike benefits, costs cannot be observed and manipulated directly and have to be inferred. In this Review, we integrate evidence for various costs of eye movements, discussing the considerations for movement dynamics, timing and spatial control of saccadic eye movements. We also discuss the costs involved in sequences of saccades and outline challenges for future research. Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make. In this Review, Schütz and Stewart integrate evidence regarding the costs of eye movements and discuss considerations for movement dynamics, timing and the spatial control of saccades.